灌水及肥料配施对夏玉米产量和养分吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilizer Application on Yield and Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Summer Maize

作　　者：张光岩 徐良菊 李俊良[1,2] 金圣爱 Zhang Guangyan;Xu Liangju;Li Junliang;Jin Sheng'ai(College of Resources and Enwironment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Shandong Water Fertilizer Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省水肥一体化工程技术研究中心,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第7期54-59,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“功能水溶肥料研制与产业化”(2016YFD0200405);青岛市现代农业产业技术体系-小麦创新团队土壤肥料岗位;青岛农业大学研究生创新计划项目。

摘　　要：为了解决黄淮海地区夏玉米种植过程中肥料配施及灌水等不合理问题,本试验以玉米登海605为材料,采用双因素随机区组设计,研究灌水及肥料配施对夏玉米产量和养分吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥可显著提高夏玉米地上部养分吸收、利用效率以及肥料偏生产力。(2)施肥处理可有效提高磷素利用效率和磷素收获指数,但会降低氮素、钾素的利用效率和收获指数。(3)施肥显著提高夏玉米产量,氮磷钾配施较不施肥处理产量提高49.12%~58.26%。(4)灌水模式由于实现了氮素后施,在减肥18.2%基础上,氮磷钾配施处理较不灌水氮磷钾处理夏玉米地上部氮磷钾吸收量、肥料偏生产力、养分吸收效率、肥料利用率、产量方面均有提高。In order to solve the unreasonable phenomenon of fertilizer application and irrigation in the process of summer maize planting in the Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe region,taking Denghai 605 as the research object,two experiments were set up to study the effects of irrigation and fertilizer application on the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency of summer maize.The results showed that:( 1) fertilization could significantly improve the nutrient absorption,utilization efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of summer maize aboveground.( 2) Fertilization treatment could effectively improve the use efficiency and harvest index of phosphorus,but could reduce those of nitrogen and potassium.( 3) Fertilization significantly increased the yield of summer maize,which increased by 49.12% ~ 58.26% under combined application of N,P and K compared with without fertilization.( 4) In the irrigation mode and on the basis of reducing fertilizer by 18.2%,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption,partial fertilizer productivity,nutrient absorption efficiency,fertilizer utilization rate and yield of summer maize were improved under the combined application of N,P and K compared with the N,P,K treatment without irrigation.

关 键 词：灌水 肥料配施 夏玉米产量 养分吸收利用率 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S513.05[农业科学—作物学]