种植密度与钾肥对鲜食甘薯产量、品质及钾肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Planting Density and Potassium Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Potassium Utilization Efficiency of Fresh Sweet Potato

作　　者：周奕廷 李俊良[1] 梁斌[1] 商美新 房增国[1] Zhou Yiting;Li Junliang;Liang Bin;Shang Meixin;Fang Zengguo(College of Resources and Enuironment,Qingdao Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Integrated Management of Water and Fertilizer,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院/山东省水肥一体化工程技术研究中心,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第7期60-66,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系薯类产业创新团队栽培与土肥岗位项目(SDAIT-16-08)。

摘　　要：探讨不同种植密度和钾肥施用量对烟薯25号和龙薯9号两个鲜食甘薯品种产质量的影响,为北方地区鲜食甘薯高产优质栽培提供参考依据。试验采用双因素随机区组设计,分析不同种植密度(每公顷52 500、67 500株)、钾肥施用量(0、75、135 kg/hm^2)对鲜食甘薯产量、品质、钾肥利用率等的影响。结果表明,相同种植密度条件下,随钾肥用量增加,两品种的产量、商品薯率、收获指数及钾肥利用率均有所提高,T/R值有所降低;而在相同钾肥施用量条件下,烟薯25号的产量、收获指数、蔗糖、果糖含量及钾肥偏生产力随种植密度升高而减少;龙薯9号的产量、收获指数及钾肥利用率随种植密度的增大而增加,最长蔓长、茎叶鲜重及T/R随种植密度增大而降低。在钾肥与种植密度互作条件下,烟薯25号在每公顷种植52 500株、钾肥施用量为135 kg/hm^2时,有最高产量31 944.6 kg/hm^2和最高商品薯率74.6%,分别较最低处理增加19.0%及18.6%;龙薯9号在每公顷种植67 500株、钾肥施用量为135 kg/hm^2时,甘薯产量为76 993.4 kg/hm^2,商品薯率为74.1%。综合考虑,本试验条件下两个甘薯品种的最适宜栽种处理:烟薯25号每公顷种植密度52 500株、龙薯9号每公顷种植密度67 500株、钾肥施用量均为135 kg/hm^2,此时有较高的产量、较高的商品薯率、更合适的T/R值和较好的品质。The effects of planting densities( 52 500,67 500 plants/hm^2) and potassium fertilizer application on the yield,quality and potassium utilization efficiency of two fresh sweet potatoes of Yanshu 25 and Longshu 9 were discussed by two-factor random block design to provide reference for the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of fresh sweet potato in northern China.The results showed that under the same planting density,the yield,commercial potato rate,harvest index and potassium fertilizer utilization rate of the two varieties increased with the increase of potassium fertilizer rate,while the T/R value decreased.Under the same potassium fertilizer application rate,the yield,harvest index,content of sucrose and fructose,and partial productivity of potassium fertilizer of Yanshu 25 decreased with the increase of planting density.The yield,harvest index and potassium fertilizer utilization rate of Longshu 9 increased with the increase of planting density,while the maximum vine length,fresh weight of stem and leaf and T/R value decreased with the increase of planting density.Under the condition of the interaction of potassium fertilizer and planting density,the maximum yield of Yanshu 25 was 31 944.6 kg/hm^2 and the highest commercial potato rate was 74.6% when the planting density was 52 500 plants/hm^2 and potassium fertilizer application rate was 135 kg/hm^2,which increased by 19.0% and 18.6% respectively compared with the lowest treatment.When the planting density was 67 500 plants/hm^2 and the potassium fertilizer application rate was 135 kg/hm^2,the yield of Longshu 9 was 76 993.4 kg/hm^2 and the commercial potato rate was 74.1%.Comprehensive consideration,the best suitable planting treatment for the two sweet potato varieties under this test condition was the planting density of Yanshu 25 and Longshu 9 were 52 500 plants/hm^2 and 67 500 plants/hm^2,respectively,and the potassium fertilizer application rate was 135 kg/hm^2,and then the higher yield,commercial potato rate,more appropriate T/R value and better

关 键 词：鲜食甘薯 种植密度 钾肥施用量 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S531.062[农业科学—作物学]