梯度铜碳复合材料的载流摩擦磨损性能  

Current-carrying friction and wear properties of gradient copper-carbon composites

作　　者：张军伟 杨正海[1] 孙乐民[1] 张永振[1] 张旭[1] ZHANG Jun-wei;YANG Zheng-hai;SUN Le-min;ZHANG Yong-zhen;ZHANG Xu(National United Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Bearing Tribology,Henan University of Science and Technology,School of Materials and Engineer,Luoyang 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学高端轴承摩擦学技术与应用国家地方联合工程实验室材料科学与工程学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《材料热处理学报》2020年第7期33-40,共8页Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1730130,U1804252)。

摘　　要：基于放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术,采用粉末冶金的方法制备梯度铜碳复合材料和非梯度铜碳复合材料。并在专用销-盘高速摩擦磨损试验机HST-100上进行摩擦磨损试验,研究载流条件下,梯度铜碳复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:梯度铜碳复合材料(5 mass%C-10 mass%C)的摩擦系数平均值与同浓度(7.5 mass%C)非梯度铜碳复合材料相差不大,但其动态摩擦系数的波动性明显减小。其摩损率与碳含量7.5 mass%C非梯度铜碳复合材料相比明显降低,与碳含量为10 mass%的铜基复合材料相差不大,磨损率约为7 mg/m。梯度材料的载流效率和载流稳定性和10 mass%C铜基复合材料的相近,分别约为74%和73%。对于非梯度材料:随着石墨含量的增加,铜基复合材料的摩擦系数降低,摩擦系数波动幅度也减小,磨损率降低,载流效率和载流稳定性增加。采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备的铜基复合材料,磨损过程主要表现为机械磨损和电弧侵蚀。其中电弧侵蚀的行为主要是熔融、喷溅。非梯度复合材料的电弧侵蚀区域分布比较分散,在摩擦出口区域和材料的其他部位也都有存在,而梯度铜基复合材料的电弧烧蚀区域明显减小,仅出现在出口区域。Gradient copper-carbon composites and non-gradient copper-carbon composites were prepared by powder metallurgy based on spark plasma sintering(SPS) technology, and the friction and wear test was carried out on the HST-100 high-speed current-carrying friction and wear tester to study the friction and wear performance of the gradient copper-carbon composites under the current carrying condition. The results show that the average friction coefficient of the gradient copper-carbon composites(5 mass% C-10 mass% C) is not much different from that of the same concentration(7.5 mass% C) non-gradient copper-carbon composites, but the volatility of the dynamic friction coefficient is obviously reduced, and the wear rate of the gradient composites is significantly lower than that of the copper-based composites with a carbon content of 7.5 mass%, and is not much different from the copper-based composite material with a carbon content of 10 mass%, and the wear rate is about 7 mg/m. The current-carrying efficiency and the current-carrying stability of the gradient composites are similar to those of the 10 mass% C copper-based composites, which are about 74% and 73%, respectively. For the non-gradient composites: with the increase of graphite content, the friction coefficient of the composites decreases, the fluctuation amplitude of friction coefficient also decreases, the wear rate decreases, and the current-carrying efficiency and current-carrying stability increase. The copper-based composites prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS) are mainly characterized by mechanical wear and arc erosion. Among them, the behavior of the arc erosion is mainly melting and splashing. The distribution of the arc erosion area of the non-gradient composites is relatively dispersed, and it also exists in the friction exit area and other parts of the material, while the arc ablation area of the gradient copper matrix composites is obviously reduced and only appears in the exit area.

关 键 词：放电等离子烧结 粉末冶金 梯度铜基复合材料 电弧烧蚀 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]