心灵机器时代的自我认同  

Self-Identity in the Age of Spiritual Machines

作　　者：翟本瑞[1] JAI Ben-ray

机构地区：[1]逢甲大学人文社会学院

出　　处：《社会学评论》2020年第3期72-89,共18页Sociological Review of China

摘　　要：科技在人类文明发展历程中,始终扮演至关重要的角色。近四分之一个世纪以来,电脑、互联网、人工智能、机器人等资讯科技日新月异,全面且实质地改变了人类社会,也改变了人的本质。依据莫尔定律、梅特卡夫定律及里德定律,软件、硬件、社群将呈几何级数发展,人们面对如此高速发展,心理承受相当大的压力,很难跟得上资讯科技带来社会变迁的步调,以至于机器与人之间的关系也将面临本质性的改变。科学家科兹威尔预测人工智能发展到2045年将出现奇点,计算机智能将超越人类,人的本质也将有结构性的转变。社会心理学家特克三十多年来研究资讯科技对人的自我认同产生之影响,对人类面对未来科技发展的心理适应提出了检讨反省。本文揭举一场人类文明前所未有的革命正在世人眼前发生,有许多已经出现的现象,会与过去文明发展所依赖的价值产生内在矛盾。因此,我们需要针对人与机器间的未来发展所产生的心理适应及自我认同等问题加以反省,以回应人类未来的文明发展。Science and technology always play the most important role in the development of human civilization. For nearly a quarter of a century, technologies such as the computer, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the robots, altogether changed the human society and the human nature thoroughly and substantively. According to Moore’s Law, Metcalfe’s Law and Reed’s Law, the software, the hardware, and the communities will grow by geometric progression. Facing such a high-speed development, the human mind is under considerable pressure and is very difficult to keep up the disturbing paces driven by the rapid development of Information and Communication Technology(ICT). Social change nowadays also causes the transformation of relationships between Human and Machines. Ray Kurzweil predicted the development of artificial intelligence to 2045 will generate the Singularity and AI will Transcend Human intelligence,and the human nature will also have a structural change. Social psychologist Sherry Turkle has been observing and studying the influences and impacts of ICT on human self-identities for more than three decades, and she also gives some reflexive diagnosis on the mental adaptations facing future developments of Machine. This article shows that an unprecedented revolution in human civilization is taking place right in front of us. Many phenomena will occur and challenge the intrinsic values that our civilizations previously relied on. We need to, therefore, do comprehensive reviews on psychological adaptation and self-identification problems aroused by the future development between Human and Machine in order to face the future developments of civilization.

关 键 词：莫尔定律 Reed定律 人工智能 奇点 自我认同 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理] TP18[社会学]