基于邻近木的林分结构多样性研究  

Study on forest structure diversity based on the neighbourhood trees

作　　者：白宇[1] 杨华[1] 温静 王全军 Bai Yu;Yang Hua;Wen Jing;Wang Quanjun(Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Environmental Management,National Forestry and Grassland Administration(operated by Beijing Forestry University),Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Xishan Experimental Forest Farm,Beijing 100093,China;Wangqing Forestry Bureau,Yanji 133200,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局森林资源与环境管理重点实验室(北京林业大学),北京100083 [2]北京市西山试验林场,北京100093 [3]吉林省延吉市汪清林业局,吉林延吉133200

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2020年第6期52-58,共7页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“长白山次生林更新技术研究与示范”(2017YFC0504101)。

摘　　要：【目的】林分是森林生物多样性的重要组成部分,典型多样性指数由于其复杂性或缺乏生态相关性,不能在空间尺度进行分析,因此无法反映物种和空间结构的内部变化。【方法】以吉林省汪清县金沟岭林场的落叶松-云冷杉混交林为例,采用相邻格子法建立了2块60 m×60 m典型样地,对描述邻近木空间单元多样性的新指数——邻近木多样性指数进行评估。【结果】(1)研究区落叶松-云冷杉林直径结构曲线呈多峰的反"J"型曲线,中小径阶林木所占比例较高,大径阶林木较少,径阶株数分布连续且较为合理。(2)落叶松-云冷杉林的物种多样性和林木直径大小多样性高,树种和径阶分布较为均匀,混交程度强,水平结构变异大,林分结构复杂。(3)按3种邻近木多样性指数(物种多样性Hs、按径阶分布的结构多样性Hdcd、按直径变化的结构多样性Sdv)的分析结果与传统的Shannon多样性指数的结果保持一致,对具有相似结构的林分计算时得到了接近的指数值。【结论】邻近木多样性指数可以描述林分多样性及空间结构特征,并反映物种和结构多样性的空间变化,且具有明显的生态意义,可应用于林分结构调整,为森林合理经营提供理论依据。[Objective] Stand is an important part of forest biodiversity. Due to its complexity or lack of ecological relevance, the typical diversity index cannot be analyzed on a spatial scale and therefore cannot reflect the internal changes of species and spatial structure. [Method] Taking the spruce-fir forest in Jin ’gouling Forest Farm in Wangqing County of Jilin Province, northeastern China as an example, two 60 m × 60 m typical sample plots were set by contiguous grid quadrat method, and a new index describing the diversity of spatial structural units-neighbourhood diversity index was evaluated. [Result](1) The diameter structure curve of spruce-fir forest in the study area is multi-peak anti-J-shaped curve. The proportion of forests with small and medium-order diameter was higher, the trees with large diameter were less, and the distribution of diameters was continuous and reasonable.(2) The species diversity and tree diameter of the spruce-fir forest were high, tree species and the diameter distribution were relatively uniform, the degree of mixing was strong, the horizontal structure was highly variable, and the stand structure was complex.(3) Results of the analysis of three neighbourhood diversity indices(species diversity, structural diversity by diameter distribution, and structural diversity by diameter variation) were consistent with the results of the Shannon diversity index, and the close index values were obtained for stand with similar structure. [Conclusion] The neighbourhood diversity index can describe the diversity of forest stands and spatial structure characteristics, and reflect the spatial variation of species and structure diversity,and has obvious ecological significance. It can be applied to the structural adjustment of forest stands and provide a theoretical basis for rational forest management.

关 键 词：邻近木 结构多样性 空间尺度 林分结构 

分 类 号：S758.5[农业科学—森林经理学]