及物性和作格性的并协与互补--从《继承者》的作格分析说起  

The complementarity between transitivity and ergativity:With special reference to ergative analysis of The Inheritors

作　　者：王勇[1] 周迎芳[1] Wang Yong;Zhou Yingfang

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学外国语学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《外语教学》2020年第4期18-24,共7页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“存在句的类型学研究”(项目编号:17BYY183)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：及物模式和作格模式属于两种不同的表征经验意义的范式,及物模式用于表现有生命主体的有意识动作和活动,作格模式多用于表现事件的发生以及事物(或事件)之间的致使关系。行为活动和事件属于两套不同的意义资源,即及物系统和作格系统,二者之间的互补在词汇语法上体现为及物模式和作格模式之间的并协与互补。这在分裂作格语言中表现尤为明显,这类语言中及物模式和作格模式兼用,何时选用何种模式,背后有着明显的语义理据。这包括动词参与者角色生命性的强弱以及动词的可控性。这两种编码模式构成一个连续统的两端,各自体现为典型的宾格语言和作格语言,之间是二者相互兼容的互补地带,这就是分裂作格语言。The transitive model and the ergative model are two paradigms for expressing experiential meaning.The former is typically used to represent human’s intentional actions or activities,and the latter the occurrence of events and their causative relations.Actions/activities and events belong to two meaning resources respectively;they are the transitive system and the ergative system.The complementarity of the two systems find expression in the complementarity of the two models at the lexicogrammatical level.This can be seen clearly in split-ergative languages,where the choice of the two models is motivated by the controllability of the process and the animacy of its agent.The two models form a continuum,whose two poles are standard accusative and ergative languages.The space between them is a mixture of the two models to different degrees,that is,the different variants of split-ergative languages.

关 键 词：及物性 作格性 过程 参与者 生命性 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]