“这”“那”在汉语关系从句中不对称分布的篇章功能解释  

A discourse-functional interpretation of the asymmetry between zhe and na in Chinese relative clauses

作　　者：张秋杭[1] Zhang Qiuhang

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际教育学院,上海201620

出　　处：《外语教学》2020年第4期36-40,共5页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“基于可及性理论的汉语关系从句研究”(项目编号:17YJC740120)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：关于“这”“那”的不对称现象,多数研究认为“这”的使用频率高于“那”。基于书面叙事语体对汉语关系从句中“这”“那”的考察发现,“那”及其组合形式的使用频率显著高于“这”及其组合形式。本文拟从篇章功能的视角来解释“这”“那”及其组合形式在汉语关系从句中不对称分布现象。首先,考察指示成分与关系化对象、主句位置、核心名词的信息地位、生命性以及关系小句的语篇功能等五个语篇制约因素之间的关联;其次,考察指示词的篇章功能,发现认同用频率最高,认同用往往倾向于选择“那”及其组合。“这”“那”在汉语关系从句中的不对称分布符合可及性理论的相关预测,具有跨语言的共性。In most researches,the asymmetry between zhe and na is attributed to the higher frequency of zhe than na.However,the present research on zhe and na in Chinese written narrative text shows that na and its combinations appear far more frequently than zhe and its combinations.This uneven distribution is explained from a discourse-functional perspective.First,we examine the relevance between demonstratives and five of the constraining factors,namely the grammatical roles of relativized NPs in RCs,the grammatical roles of relativized NPs in the main clauses,the information status of the head NPs,the animacy of the head NPs,and the discourse functions of the relative clauses.Then a thorough analysis of the discourse functions of demonstratives is conducted.The result shows that recognitional use enjoys the highest frequency,and recognitional use tend to choose na and its combinations,not zhe and its combinations.Finally the distribution of zhe and na in Chinese relative clauses conforms to the accessibility theory and has typological implications.

关 键 词：这 那 不对称 篇章功能 可及性理论 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]