清朝驻京喇嘛与驻京呼图克图制度考察  

Observation of Bejing-based Lama System in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王义夫 成崇德[2] Wang Yifu;Cheng Chongde

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学,北京100083 [2]中国人民大学清史研究所,所北京100872

出　　处：《西部蒙古论坛》2020年第2期29-35,M0004,共8页Journal of the Western Mongolian Studies

摘　　要：清朝的喇嘛被划分为驻京喇嘛、西藏喇嘛还有蒙古各地游牧喇嘛这三种类别。其中,驻京喇嘛包括在京城、五台山、多伦诺尔、清皇陵、承德、盛京、归化城等地的驻庙喇嘛僧人,其所谓"驻京"之划定依照的是僧人的组织归属而非驻地原则;驻京喇嘛制度是清初喇嘛僧人负责协助清廷处理涉蒙藏关系旧例的固定化制度规范,其从初级制度形态到最终的驻京呼图克图制度发展历时长达一个半世纪,直接反映了清廷与蒙藏间各种力量的相互角逐,是清朝处理蒙藏事务和制定边疆政策的一个重要缩影。The lamas of Tibetan Buddhism in Qing Dynasty can be divided into three groups like Bejing-based lamas,Tibetan lamas and Mongolian lamas. Bejing-based lamas also included those who resided in Wutaishan,Dolonnuur,Royal Mausoleum,Chengde,Mukden and Hohhot in addition to those in Beijing. With the Qing conquest and governance of whole China,lamas became intermediates between Qing Court and Mongolian society and Tibetan society and thus Qing Court had an intention to institutionalize Bejing-based lamas,for which the visit of fifth Dalai Lama to Beijing provided a chance of materialization. After the battle between Qing and Zungaria in Ulaan Butung,Qing Court noticed the use of the Hutuktu title and intentionally promoted the status of those who had that title. It was under the reign of Emperor Yongzheng that the institution of Bejing-based Hutuktu had been set up.

关 键 词：喇嘛 交流 驻京喇嘛制度 驻京呼图克图制度 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] B949[历史地理—中国史]