有机与常规培肥模式生产水稻的碳足迹  

Carbon footprint of rice production under organic and conventional fertilization modes

作　　者：朱凤婷 李奥 于晓曼[1] 孟博[1] 白金衡 王厚鑫[2] 刘鸣达[1] 马殿荣[3] ZHU Feng-ting;LI Ao;YU Xiao-man;MENG Bo;BAI Jin-heng;WANG Hou-xin;LIU Ming-da;MA Dian-rong(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Tieling Environmental Protection Monitoring Station,Tiding 112000,Liaoning,China;Rice Research Institute,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866 [2]铁岭市环境保护监测站,辽宁铁岭112000 [3]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所,沈阳110866

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第7期2233-2241,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1808003)资助。

摘　　要：为明确不同施肥模式对水稻生产碳足迹的影响,采取田间动态监测与室内分析相结合的方式,应用生命周期碳足迹的评价方法,研究了施用化肥(CF)、猪粪(ZM)、牛粪(NM)、鸡粪(JM)对稻田系统碳排放、碳增汇、水稻生产碳足迹及单位产量碳足迹的影响。结果表明:水稻种植过程中温室气体的排放是水稻生产碳排放的主要来源,与CF处理相比,施用有机肥可增加稻田碳排放,ZM、NM和JM处理分别增加34%、30%和65%,各处理均以稻田CO2排放贡献最大;施用有机肥处理的环境正效应高于施用化肥处理,ZM、NM和JM处理碳增汇分别是CF处理的3.3、3.8和2.9倍,可相应抵消76%、92%和55%的碳排放;施用不同有机肥对水稻生产碳足迹影响不一,但与CF处理相比均可降低单位产量的碳足迹,ZM、NM和JM处理分别降低了55%、83%和22%。综合考虑畜禽粪污处理、肥料生产与管理以及水稻种植各环节的碳排放与稻谷产量情况,有机培肥有利于降低水稻单位产量碳足迹,其中以施用牛粪处理效果最佳。To clarify the effects of organic manure on carbon footprint of rice production,a field experiment was conducted with four treatments:pig manure(ZM),cow dung(NM),chicken manure(JM),and chemical fertilizer(CF)as a control.Life cycle assessment was used to evaluate carbon emissions from paddy systems,carbon sequestration,carbon footprint of rice production,and carbon footprint per unit yield.The results showed that greenhouse gases emission during rice planting was the main source of carbon emission in paddy fields.Carbon emission of rice fields was stimulated by the application of organic manure.Compared with CF,carbon emissions under ZM,NM,and JM treatments were increased by 34%,30%,and 65%respectively.CO2 emission during the process of rice planting made the most contribution to carbon emission in rice fields across all treatments.The positive environmental effect was higher under the treatments with organic manure than under that with chemical fertilizer application,with the increases of carbon sequestrations under ZM,NM,and JM treatments being 2.3,2.8,and 1.9 times higher than that of CF treatment,respectively,which could offset 76%,92%,and 55%of carbon emissions.The effects of organic manure application on carbon footprint of rice production varied with the types of organic manure,and all of them decreased carbon footprint per unit yield compared to CF treatment,with a decrease of 55%,83%and 22%under ZM,NM and JM treatments,respectively.With a full consideration of poultry manure treatment,fertilizer production and management,as well as carbon emissions during rice planting and rice yield,we conclude that organic fertilization is beneficial to reducing carbon footprint per unit yield of rice,with best performance of cow dung treatment.

关 键 词：碳足迹 水稻 有机栽培 有机肥 全球变暖 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]