石油污染土壤清洗药剂筛选及效果评价  

Selection of cleansing agents for petroleum-contaminated soil and assessment of their efficiency

作　　者：牛明芬[1] 殷智慧 王琦[2,3] 李刚 郭书海[2] 李柏林[4] NIU Ming-fen;YIN Zhi-hui;WANG Qi;LI Gang;GUO Shu-hai;LI Bai-lin(Shenyang Jinzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China;Institue of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bei-jing 100049,China;Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,沈阳110168 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]东北石油大学,黑龙江大庆163318

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第7期2302-2308,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801902);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23010401)资助。

摘　　要：以高浓度石油污染土壤为研究对象,筛选表面活性剂及清洗助剂,优化清洗药剂洗脱参数,评价药剂复配洗脱效果,重点考察对石油族组成中重组分的洗脱效率。结果表明:4种表面活性剂SYO(0.25%)、SDBS(0.25%)、TX-100(0.25%)和AEO(0.75%)具有较好的石油洗脱效果;优化的清洗条件为清洗温度65℃、清洗时间60 min、振荡强度500 r·min-1;此条件下,TX-100的石油洗脱率最高,可达78.87%;筛选的3种清洗助剂中,Na2SiO3的助洗效果最佳,与SDBS复配使用后增效作用明显,洗脱率提高21.52%;另外,Na2SiO3与SDBS复配,可脱附去除85%的饱和烃和芳香烃,同时也脱附了80%以上的胶质沥青质组分,这种药剂复配模式可为重质组分含量较多的石油污染土壤清洗提供参考。High-efficiency washing agents,including surfactant and assistant cleansing agents,were screened for soil contaminated by high-concentration petroleum.We assessed the elution efficiency and optimized elution parameters according to the effects of absorbing total petroleum and different group components.The results showed that surfactants SYO(0.25%),SDBS(0.25%),TX-100(0.25%),and AEO(0.75%)were better in desorbing petroleum.The optimized cleansing condition was shaking strength of 500 r·min-1 at 65℃for 60 min.Under such condition,the desorption efficiency of TX-100 was the highest,reaching 78.87%.The effect of Na2SiO3 was the best among three screened assistant cleansing agents,with the elution rate being increased by 21.52%when mixed with SDBS.The mixture of Na2SiO3 and SDBS desorbed 85%of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon.More than 80%of resin and asphaltene were desorbed.Our results provide reference for cleansing soil contaminated with heavy oils.

关 键 词：表面活性剂 清洗助剂 石油污染土壤 族组分 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]