干旱风沙区柠条枯落物对土壤节肢动物群落的影响  

Effects of Caragana korshinskii litter on soil arthropod community in a desertified region

作　　者：张安宁 刘任涛[1] 刘佳楠[1] 赵娟[1] 常海涛 陈蔚 ZHANG An-ning;LIU Ren-tao;LIU Jia-nan;ZHAO Juan;CHANG Hai-tao;CHEN Wei(Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,银川750021

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第7期2383-2391,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41867005和41661054);宁夏青年拔尖人才培养工程项目(RQ0010)资助。

摘　　要：在干旱风沙区宁夏盐池县,选择柠条(Caragana korshinskii)枯落物,采用网孔分解袋法,研究了不同大小灌丛(极小型、小型、中型、大型)微生境柠条枯落物分解中土壤节肢动物群落分布特征。结果表明:灌丛增大导致枯落物残留量、磷(P)含量、钾(K)含量和土壤电导率显著升高(P<0.05),而纤维素含量、木质素含量和土壤p H在不同大小灌丛间均无显著差异;调查共获得土壤节肢动物10目18科,其中优势类群为镰螯螨科、腾岛螨科、甲螨亚目和球角跳科,其个体数占总个体数的67.4%;常见类群4类,其个体数占总个体数的27.3%;其余10类为稀有类群,其个体数占总个体数的4.9%。在不同大小灌丛中,柠条枯落物土壤节肢动物群落组成差异较大,反映了土壤节肢动物对枯落物微生境变化的敏感性和适应性;灌丛增大导致土壤节肢动物优势度指数显著升高(P<0.05),但土壤节肢动物个体数、类群数、香农指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数在不同大小灌丛间均无显著差异;土壤节肢动物个体数、类群数和多样性指数均与土壤电导率、枯落物残留量、木质素、纤维素、P和K含量密切相关。研究表明,不同大小灌丛下,枯落物残留量及质量差异导致土壤节肢动物群落组成变化较大。干旱区灌丛增大促进枯落物中某些类群聚集而导致土壤节肢动物,其优势度指数显著升高,但对土壤节肢动物类群数和多样性指数影响较小。Using the litterbag method,we investigated community structure of soil arthropods during litter decomposition in microhabitats with different sizes(very small,small,medium,and large)of Caragana korshinskii shrubs in Yanchi County of Ningxia,northern China.The results showed that litter remaining mass,P content,K content,and soil electrical conductivity significantly increased with increasing shrub size(P<0.05),whereas litter cellulose content,lignin content,and soil p H were not different among shrubs with different sizes.In total,18 families of arthropods belonging to 10 orders were captured.Tydeidae,Tenerifidae,Oribatida,and Hypogastruridae were the dominant groups,occupying 67.4%of the total individuals.There were four common groups,occupying 27.3%of the total abundance.The remaining 10 groups were relatively rare,only accounting for 4.9%of the total abundance.Soil arthropod community composition in shrub litter was significantly different among the four types of shrub microhabitats,highlighting the sensitivity and adaptability of soil arthropods to the changes of litter microhabitats.Simpson dominance index of arthropods significantly increased with the increasing size of C.korshinskii shrubs(P<0.05),whereas total abundance,group number,Shannon diversity index,evenness index,and richness index of soil arthropods did not significantly differ among the shrubs with different sizes.Total abundance,group number and diversity index were closely correlated with soil electrical conductivity,litter remaining mass,lignin content,cellulose content,and P and K contents(P<0.05).It was concluded that variations of litter remaining mass and quality(lignin content)with the increasing size of C.korshinskii shrubs could result in a large change in soil arthropod community composition.The increasing size of shrubs promoted the aggregation of soil arthropods,with significant increases of Simpson dominance index but minor effects on group number and other diversity indices in the desertified region.

关 键 词：干旱风沙区 柠条 灌丛大小 枯落物分解 土壤动物 群落结构 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]