老年住院患者失能现状及其相关因素的研究  

Investigation of the current status of disability and its associated risk factors in elderly hospitalized patients

作　　者：张丽[1] 马丽娜[1] 孙菲[2] 李耘[1] 汤哲[2] Zhang Li;Ma Lina;Sun Fei;Li Yun;Tang Zhe(Department of Geriatrics,Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China;Beijing Institute of Geriatrics,Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院老年医学科,北京100053 [2]首都医科大学宣武医院老年病防治中心,北京100053

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2020年第7期840-844,共5页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC2002101);卫生部公益性行业科研专项基金(201002011)。

摘　　要：目的探讨老年住院患者失能现状及其相关因素。方法对全国7个城市共13家三甲医院内科60岁及以上老年住院患者进行老年人健康综合评估调查,对该人群失能患病率及相关因素进行分析。结果住院老年人失能率为18.8%(817/4348),南方的老年住院患者失能率(25.7%,475/1851)高于北方(13.7%,342/2497)(χ^2=99.735、P<0.001),老年住院患者中城市老年人(19.7%,667/3391)的失能率高于农村老年人(15.7%,150/957)(χ^2=7.809、P=0.005)。在对混杂因素进行调整后,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(≥75岁)、地域(居住在南方)、无配偶、受教育水平低、收入水平低、体质指数(BMI)<18.5 kg/m2、每日活动时间少(<1 h)以及患有共病住院患者失能独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论失能在我国住院老年人中很常见,关注老年人慢性疾病、改善老年人营养情况等均可减少失能的发生。Objective To investigate the current status of disability and its associated risk factors in elderly inpatients.Methods Clinical data of elderly inpatients aged 60 years and above at internal medicine department of 13 Grade-A Tertiary hospitals from 7 cities across China were retrospectively analyzed.A comprehensive health assessment survey for the elderly was conducted.The prevalence of disability and related risk factors were analyzed.Results The disability rate was 18.8%(817/4348)in this study.The disability rate was higher in south China than in north China(25.7%or 475/1851 vs.13.7%or 342/2497,χ^2=99.735,P<0.001),and the disability rate was higher in urban areas than in rural areas(19.7%or 667/3391 vs.15.7%or 150/957,χ^2=7.809,P=0.005).After adjustment for potential confounders,the independent risk factors for disability in elderly inpatients included age(≥75 years),region(living in south China),widowhood,low education level,BMI(<18.5 kg/m2),low income level(≤2000 yuan/month),multimorbidity status and daily activity time(<1 hour)(all P<0.05).Conclusions Disability is common in elderly inpatients in China,and its occurrence can be reduced by controlling chronic diseases,and improving nutrition and other ways.

关 键 词：失能 日常生活活动 危险因素 

分 类 号：R592[医药卫生—老年医学]