复合营养素对凡纳滨对虾的养殖效果评价  

Effects of compound nutrients on water quality and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei in shrimp farming pond

作　　者：徐晓丽 蔡琰[1] 叶红梅[1] 郝俊 丁子元[1] 钟文慧 Xu Xiaoli;Cai Yan;Ye Hongmei;Hao Jun;Ding Ziyuan;Zhong Wenhui

机构地区：[1]天津市水产研究所,天津300221

出　　处：《饲料工业》2020年第14期45-53,共9页Feed Industry

基　　金：天津市农委水产产业技术体系创新团队项目[ITTFRS2017012];天津市农委科技成果转化与推广项目[201801080];天津市渔业发展服务中心科研推广项目[ZXTG201902]。

摘　　要：为研究复合营养素在天津地区凡纳滨对虾养殖中的实际应用效果,于2018年5月~9月在天津市西青区某养殖场开展了复合营养素在对虾养殖中的应用试验。通过对凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘水质及浮游生物的监测、对虾免疫相关酶活性的检测,评价复合营养素对对虾养殖的效果。结果显示,施用复合营养素的试验池亚硝酸盐氮降解迅速,养殖中后期试验池总菌数显著高于对照池(P<0.05),水体微生物代谢活跃。养殖前中期,试验池浮游植物种类多以绿藻为主优势种,而对照池以蓝藻为主优势种。试验池浮游植物shannon-wiener多样性指数变化范围为1.85~2.74,均匀度指数变化范围为0.58~0.82,丰富度指数变化范围为2.29~3.74。免疫相关酶活性检测结果显示,试验组对虾血清中多酚氧化酶(PPO)、溶菌酶(LZM)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肝胰腺中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。因此复合营养素可迅速降解对虾池塘亚硝酸盐氮,优化藻类组成,促进水体中微生物代谢,稳定水质及池塘生态系统,增强对虾免疫力,提高对虾产量,降低养殖成本。Compound nutrients were added into shrimp culturing pond located in Tianjin to regu⁃late the aquaculture environment in the pond from May to September,2018,and the effect on water quality and immunity of Litopenaeus van⁃namei was evaluated.The water quality test showed that the water quality parameters in the test ponds were fell within the appropriate range of shrimp farming standard.The nitrite nitrogen(NO2-N)is lower and the total number of bacteria in test ponds was significantly higher than that in the control pond(P<0.05),which indicates more active microbial metabolism in water.Phytoplankton community structure characteristics were analyzed by species,biological density,diversity index and dominant species.In the pre-mid stages,Chlorophy⁃ta was the dominant specie in test ponds while Cyanophyta was the dominance in control pond.The di⁃versity index of Shannon-Wiener in test ponds was from 1.85 to 2.74,the diversity index of Margalef was 2.29~3.74,and the uniformity index of Pielou was 0.58~0.82.The results of immunity-related en⁃zyme activity tests showed that polyphenoloxidase(PPO)and lysozyme(LZM)activities in the serum of test group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05),and ALP activity in the hepa⁃topancreas was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).Therefore,compound nutrients added into shrimp pond can rapidly degrade nitrite nitrogen,optimize phytoplankton composition,pro⁃mote microbial metabolism in water,stabilize water quality and pond ecosystems,enhance shrimp im⁃munity.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the ecological environment of aquaculture and healthy farming of shrimp.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 池塘水质 浮游植物 复合营养素 免疫相关酶 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]