黄淮海耐压实大豆品种的初步筛选及根系特征分析  

Preliminary Screening and Root Characteristics Analysis of Compaction Resistance Soybean Varieties in Huanghuaihai

作　　者：刘晓[1] 王丽[1] 王天舒 于淑婷 吴会军[1] 李玉明 尧水红[1] LIU Xiao;WANG Li;WANG Tian-shu;YU Shu-ting;WU Hui-jun;LI Yu-ming;YAO Shui-hong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Heilongjiang Beidahuang Agricultural Co.,Ltd.291 Branch Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Jiamusi 150090,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]黑龙江北大荒农业股份有限公司291分公司农业技术推广中心,黑龙江佳木斯150090

出　　处：《大豆科学》2020年第3期329-340,共12页Soybean Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-PS13);中国农业科学院重大科研专项(CAAS-ZDRW202003);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132019016,1610132019034)。

摘　　要：黄淮海地区加大机械化耕种收力度的同时也造成了更严重的土壤压实,为给耐压大豆品种的选育提供参考,利用华北地区自1920年以来的25个大豆品种,从根系的调控机制出发,对机械压实条件下大豆的地上部生物性状以及根系特征进行分析。研究表明:供试品种中有10个(上蔡二糙平顶式、益都平顶黄、文丰7号、豫豆8号、鲁豆11、晋豆25、冀豆12、郑92116、菏豆13和冀豆17)具有较好的抗压实性能。这些耐压实品种地上部生物性状表现为植株矮化,茎粗加大,主茎节数和地上部生物量不减。地下部根系表现为根系最大宽度、根面积、水平生长空间增加,或侧根数、根尖数增加。说明根系通过针对性的自我调控来适应压实环境,满足逆环境下对土壤水肥气的有效吸收,从而维持地下和地上部的生物量,保障作物的稳产。本研究能够为新时代机械化耕种收条件下大豆育种提供数据支撑及理论依据,具有一定的生产指导意义。The increase of mechanized cultivation has resulted in serious soil compaction in the Huanghuaihai Plain. In order to provide reference for the selection of pressure resistant soybean varieties in terms of root regulation mechanisms, plant biological properties and root characteristics of soybean under mechanical compaction were analyzed and 25 soybean varieties since 1920 in North China were used. The result showed that there were 10 of the tested varieties(Shangcaiercaopingdingshi, Yidupingdinghuang, Wenfeng 7, Yudou 8, Ludou 11, Jindou 25, Jidou 12, Zheng 92116, Hedou 13 and Jidou 17) showed good compaction resistance. The plant biological properties of these compaction resistant varieties showed dwarfing of plants, increased stem diameter and main stem nod number, and maintained plant biomass. The root system showed the increased maximum root width, root area, horizontal growth space, or the increase in the number of lateral roots and root tips. The root system adapts to the compaction environment through self-regulation to effectively absorb soil water, fertilizer and gas from soil under the adverse environment, so as to maintain the biomass of aerial part and root, ensure the yield of crops. This study provides data support and theoretical basis for soybean breeding under the mechanized cultivation conditions in the new era, and has certain guiding significance for production.

关 键 词：土壤压实 大豆 耐压实品种 农艺性状 根系形态特征 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]