早期英国政府关于建立对华条约关系的认知与尝试  

British Government’s Cognition and Attempt of Establishing Treaty Relations with China in the Early Stage

作　　者：曹英[1] 刘苏华[2] CAO Ying;LIU Suhua

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学出版社,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2020年第4期97-105,共9页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代中外条约关系通史”(14ZDB045)。

摘　　要：18世纪后期,英国开始谋求以条约为手段建立对华外交关系。这一诉求始于商界,但将其付诸政治实践则是基于英国政府对中英关系条约化的认知。一方面,英国政府从国家利益及整个海外扩张战略考虑,认识到签订对华条约的必要性;另一方面,在华耶稣会士的描述和以往欧洲赴华使团的经历也让英国政府看到了与中国朝廷对话和签约的可能性。但中英两国世界观、文明观以及相关外交观念的差异,使双方缺乏建立条约关系的思想基础,无法实现彼此的对话与沟通;中国朝贡体制防范外夷的功能以及封建经济的自给自足性质,亦使双方不具备订立条约的政治前提和经济动力。这决定了早期中英关系的条约化尝试必然以失败告终。In the late eighteenth century,Britain began seeking to establish diplomatic relations with China by mean of treaty.The effort began in the business circle,but it was the British government’s cognition of putting the Sino-British relations on the basis of a treaty that made it a political practice.On the one hand,in consideration of national interests and the whole overseas expansion strategy,the British government recognized the necessity of signing a treaty with China.On the other hand,the description of the Jesuits in China and the experience of the European missions to China in the past also made the British government see the possibility of dialogue and signing a treaty with the Imperial Court.However,due to the differences in world outlook,civilization view and related diplomatic concepts,China and Britain lacked the ideological basis for establishing treaty relations,and could not communicate with each other.The function of Chinese tribute system to prevent foreigners and the self-sufficiency of feudal economy also made the two countries lacking the political premise and economic power to conclude a treaty.These determined that the early attempt of Britain to establish treaty relations with China inevitably ended in failure.

关 键 词：英国政府 中英条约关系 认知 尝试 

分 类 号：D829.561[政治法律—政治学]