岩塞爆破工程水锤压力计算及防护措施  

Water hammer pressure calculation and protective measures for rock plug blasting engineering

作　　者：张小莹[1] 张健[1,2] 陈胜[2] 贺蔚 ZHANG Xiaoying;ZHANG Jian;CHEN Sheng;HE Wei(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2020年第4期27-32,38,共7页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(51709087);中国博士后科学基金(2019M651556,2019M651676)。

摘　　要：为研究水利工程取水口发生岩塞爆破后有压管道产生的水锤压力变化规律,基于水力计算的特征线法、一维瞬变流理论及实际爆破的工作原理,结合管道安全控制的要求建立了某水利工程取水口发生岩塞爆破的数学模型。数值仿真计算结果表明:爆破后有压管道内压力波动极大,负压在汽化压力之下,极易发生弥合水锤事故,需要增设水锤防护措施以确保管道的安全;加大通风竖井面积可以有效减小水锤压力极值,通风竖井面积越大,管道压力越小,当竖井直径加大到10.0 m时负压值满足要求。To study the change rule of water hammer pressure produced by pressure pipes after rock plug blasting in a water intake project,based on the method of characteristics,the one-dimensional transient flow theory and the working principle of actual blasting,a mathematical model of rock plug blasting in a water intake for water conservancy projects is established combined with the requirements of pipeline safety control.The results of numerical simulation show that the pressure in the pressure pipeline fluctuates greatly after blasting,and the negative pressure is easy to cause water hammer of cavities collapsing accidents under the vaporization pressure.Therefore,additional water hammer protection measures are needed to ensure the pipeline safety.Increasing the area of the shaft can reduce the extreme value of the water hammer pressure,and the larger the area of the ventilation shaft,the smaller the pipe pressure.When the shaft diameter increases to 10.0 m,the negative pressure value can meet the requirements.

关 键 词：岩塞爆破 水锤压力 通风竖井 有压管道 特征线法 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TV134[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]