2014-2015年中国40岁及以上慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者戒烟状况  

Smoking cessation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients aged 40 years or older in China,2014-2015

作　　者：樊静[1] 丛舒 王宁[1] 吕学莉 王宝华[1] 包鹤龄[1] 冯雅靖[1] 王临虹[1] 方利文[1] Fan Jing;Cong Shu;Wang Ning;Lyu Xueli;Wang Baohua;Bao Heling;Feng Yajing;Wang Linhong;Fang Liwen(National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2020年第7期1021-1027,共7页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1303905,2016YFC1303900);中央转移支付重大公共卫生项目。

摘　　要：目的了解我国≥40岁慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)患者的戒烟情况,为慢阻肺的防控提供科学依据。方法将2014-2015年中国居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病监测中支气管舒张试验后测试FEV1/FVC<70%的调查对象作为慢阻肺患者,其中5791名通过询问调查发现的现在吸烟和曾经吸烟的患者被纳入分析。应用复杂抽样调整方法,估计慢阻肺患者中的戒烟率、戒烟比、成功戒烟率、曾经或现在每日吸烟者中成功戒烟的比例与现在吸烟者中尝试戒烟的比例。结果我国≥40岁吸烟慢阻肺患者的戒烟率是25.0%,成功戒烟率是19.1%,戒烟比为23.1%,曾经或现在每日吸烟者中成功戒烟的比例为17.6%。戒烟率和戒烟比均为城镇高于乡村(P<0.05),并随着年龄的增大而升高(P<0.05);知晓吸烟是慢阻肺危险因素的患者,其戒烟率和戒烟比高于不知晓的患者(P<0.05);吸烟量越小,气流受限严重程度越重,戒烟率和戒烟比越高(P<0.05)。结论我国慢阻肺患者的戒烟率和戒烟比较低,应加强慢阻肺患者戒烟的健康教育,促进医务人员在患者诊疗过程中积极开展戒烟劝诫并提供多种戒烟途径,最终提高慢阻肺患者戒烟的成功率。Objective To understand the smoking cessation behaviors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients aged 40 years or older in China and provide evidence for COPD control and prevention.Methods COPD patients with post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<70%were selected from COPD surveillance(2014-2015)of China,in which 5791 current or former smokers defined by questionnaire survey were included in the study.The smoking cessation rate/ratio and the successful smoking cessation rate in COPD patients,the successful smoking cessation rate in COPD patients who ever smoked daily and the rate of attempting to quit smoking in current smokers with COPD were estimated using data adjusted by complicated sampling method.Results The smoking cessation rate was 25.0%and the successful smoking cessation rate was 19.1%in COPD patients aged 40 years or older who ever smoked.The smoking cessation ratio was 23.1%and the successful smoking cessation ratio was 17.6%in COPD patients who ever smoked daily.The rate and ratio were higher in urban area than rural area(P<0.05)and increased with age(P<0.05).Patients who were aware of smoking being a risk factor for COPD had higher rate and ratio than patients who were not aware(P<0.05).Patients with more severe airflow limitation and patients smoking less had higher rate and ratio(P<0.05).Conclusions The smoking cessation rate and ratio were low in COPD patients in China.More health education for COPD patients about smoking cessation needs to be strengthened.It is suggested for healthcare workers to actively advise smoking cessation and suggest smoking cessation ways for patients who smoke in their routine clinical service to increase the successful smoking cessation rate/ratio in COPD patients.

关 键 词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病 吸烟 戒烟 

分 类 号：R563.9[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R163[医药卫生—内科学]