马口鱼自主上溯游泳行为及对流场选择策略研究  被引量:4

Swimming performance and flow-field selection strategy of Opsariichthys bidend during upstream migration

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作  者:雷青松 涂志英[1] 李志敏 李敏讷 谭均军[1] 金志军 孙双科[3] 石小涛[1] LEI Qingsong;TU Zhiying;LI Zhimin;LI Minne;TAN Junjun;JIN Zhijun;SUN Shuangke;SHI Xiaotao(Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservior Region,Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited of Power Construction Corporation of China,Guiyang 550081,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区:[1]三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [2]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550081 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出  处:《武汉大学学报(工学版)》2020年第6期483-491,共9页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基  金:国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:51679126,51709152);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划鱼类过坝技术项目(编号:T201703)。

摘  要:鱼类通过流速障碍的能力是鱼道设计的关键因素,鱼类游泳行为对鱼类克服流速障碍起着重要作用。以马口鱼为对象,在开放水槽中放入不同长度的阻流体,制造不同的特征流场,研究马口鱼在3种不同工况及特征流场条件(竖缝流速分别为工况Ⅰ62.40 cm/s,工况Ⅱ84.55 cm/s,工况Ⅲ71.49 cm/s)下的自主上溯游泳能力与行为,并分析了其流场偏好。实验结果表明:3种工况条件下,马口鱼游泳速度分别为工况Ⅰ0.72~1.62 m/s、工况Ⅱ1.00~2.51 m/s、工况Ⅲ0.89~2.29 m/s;工况Ⅰ中马口鱼通过的成功率最高,为72.73%,工况Ⅲ最低,为45%,工况Ⅱ与工况Ⅰ相近,为71.43%;工况Ⅲ条件下的竖缝长度超出了马口鱼的耐力范围,导致大多数实验鱼多次尝试通过,造成能量大量消耗而疲劳。这表明游泳速度和障碍物长度均是鱼类能否成功上溯的重要因素。在成功通过的鱼中,3种工况下分别有83.33%、76.92%、77.78%选择从近壁处低流速区进入竖缝。上溯过程的流场偏好分析表明,3种工况下马口鱼有共同的偏好流速范围,为0.30~0.35 m/s。将开放水槽内水力因子与鱼类运动轨迹相叠加,确定马口鱼上溯过程的偏好流速,发现马口鱼在应对流速障碍时选择低流速场上溯的流场利用策略,为过鱼设施设计及评价提供研究的新思路。The ability of fish to pass the velocity barrier is a key factor in fishway design,and fish swimming behavior plays an important role in overcoming the velocity barrier.In this paper,the swimming abilities and performances of Opsariichthys bidend were tested under three different conditions(the velocities in the vertical slot were 62.40 cm/s in ConditionⅠ,84.55 cm/s in ConditionⅡand 71.49 cm/s in ConditionⅢ,respectively)in an open flume with barriers of different lengths to form flow fields of different characteristics.The flow field preference was also analyzed.The experimental results showed that the swimming speeds in the vertical slot under the three conditions were 0.76~1.62 m/s in ConditionⅠ,1.0~2.51 m/s in ConditionⅡand0.89~2.29 m/s in ConditionⅢ,respectively.The pass rate of ConditionⅠwas the highest(72.73%),and that of the ConditionⅢwas the lowest(45%).The pass rate of ConditionⅡwas very close to ConditionⅠ(71.43%).Under ConditionⅢ,the length of the vertical slot exceeded the endurance range of Opsariichthys bidend,leading to most fish failed to get through despite multiple attempts due to physical exhaustion and fatigue.It was indicated that swimming speed and obstacle length are both important factors for fish to get through obstacles successfully.Among the successful pass through fish,83.33%,76.92%and 77.78%of them chose to enter the vertical slot from the low-flow area near the wall under three conditions,respectively.The upstream migration flow field preference analysis showed that the fish Opsariichthys bidend had common preferred flow velocity range of 0.30 m/s to 0.35 m/s under the three conditions.By superimposing the hydraulic factors in the open flume and the fish movement trajectories,the preferred flow rate in the upstream process of horsehead fish was determined.It was found that Opsariichthys bidend would choose the flow field utilization strategy of low-velocity when it encountered the flow obstacle during upstream migration,which provided a new research idea for the

关 键 词:马口鱼 开放水槽 自主上溯 流场偏好 行为轨迹 鱼道 

分 类 号:TV131.6[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]

 

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