论艾德礼政府需求管理政策的初步形成(1945—1951)  

Formation of the Demand Management Policy under Attlee’s Ministry(1945—1951)

作　　者：毛锐[1] Mao Rui(School of History and Cullure,Shandong Nomial University,Jinan Shandong,250014)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学历史文化学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期55-63,共9页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究项目“战后英国经济政策调整的历史考察及对中国的启示”(11CLSZ04);山东省高校人文社科项目“二战后英国经济政策的调整及对中国的借鉴(1945—2010)”(J11WE02)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：早在二战进行过程中,英国联合政府就已经接受了凯恩斯主义。联合政府1941年的财政预算以及1944年政府颁布"就业政策白皮书"标志着凯恩斯所宣扬的充分就业原则被政府所接受。战后艾德礼工党政府也把充分就业作为政府工作的首要目标,只是出于战后经济恢复的需要,所采取的手段经历了由经济计划到需求管理的转变过程。道尔顿任财政大臣时期主要采用了国有化、福利制度建设和经济计划管理来实现充分就业,是一种"有计划的发展战略"。随后的克里普斯和盖茨克尔任职期间,虽也制定了经济发展的年度计划,但更注重发挥市场作用,更多采用凯恩斯主义"需求管理"、即财政和货币金融政策来实施间接调节。The coalition government had already taken Keynesianism as the guiding theory of economic policy during the World War II.Budget 1941 and The 1944 White Paper on Employment Policy marked the acceptance of the full employment principle by the coalition government.Attlee’s Ministry took full employment as the principal goal in post-war years in order to guarantee the economic recovery.Measures taken by Attlee’s Ministry changed from economic planning to demand management.In his term,Chancellor Dalton took measures such as nationalization,constructing benefit system and making economic plan to insure full employment and economy development,which was a"planned development strategy".Later,Chancellor Cripps and Gaitskell in their terms,also made annual economic plans but they valued the market more and applied more the demand management advocated by Keynesianism,that is,using the fiscal policy and financial policy to carry out indirect regulation.

关 键 词：艾德礼政府 需求管理 经济计划 管制政策 

分 类 号：K505[历史地理—历史学]