稻茬过晚播小麦不同品种适应性的比较  

Adaptation comparison of different wheat varieties in super-late sowing wheat following rice

作　　者：张明伟 王梦尧 马泉 丁锦峰 朱敏 李春燕 朱新开 封超年 郭文善 ZHANG Mingwei;WANG Mengyao;MA Quan;DING Jinfeng;ZHU Min;LI Chunyan;ZHU Xinkai;FENG Chaonian;GUO Wenshan(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Wheat Research Center,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Yangzhou Agricultural Technology Promotion Station,Yangzhou 225009,China;Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/小麦研究中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州市农业技术推广站,江苏扬州225000 [3]扬州大学江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2020年第3期73-80,共8页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200500);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503130);江苏省科研院校农技推广服务试点项目[TG(17)007];扬州市“绿扬金凤”计划项目(2018);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(2014-12);扬州大学优秀科技创新团队项目。

摘　　要：以生产上大面积推广应用的8个小麦品种(宁麦14、宁麦19、苏麦188、扬麦16、扬麦22、扬辐麦4号、扬麦23和扬麦25)为试验材料,研究过晚播(较适播期推迟30 d以上)条件下不同小麦品种产量、群体结构特性、剑叶光合特性与灌浆特性的差异。结果表明:扬麦22苗期繁茂性好,分蘖发生早,成穗数多,开花期、成熟期干物质积累量最高,且具有较高的花后干物质积累量,花后剑叶叶绿素含量及净光合速率较高,两年平均产量达7 200.38 kg·hm^-2,具有较高的产量潜力且稳产性好。扬麦23产量水平仅次于扬麦22,平均产量达7 104.62 kg·hm^-2,在整个生育时期群体结构协调,具有较高的干物质积累量;花后0~14 d剑叶叶绿素含量及净光合速率较高,快速灌浆启动早,峰值灌浆速率大,快速完成灌浆,避免高温逼熟。过晚播条件下扬麦16虽具有生育前期繁茂性好、籽粒灌浆速率高、稳产性好、熟期最早等特点,但过晚播后穗数较难提高,限制其产量潜力。综合而言,稻茬过晚播条件下,推荐选用扬麦22和扬麦23,有利于小麦生产潜力发挥。Eight widely-used wheat varieties(Ningmai 14,Ningmai 19,Sumai 188,Yangmai 16,Yangmai 22,Yangfumai 4,Yangmai 23 and Yangmai 25)were selected to investigate the differences in adaptation mechanisms under the super-late sowing condition in the Lixiahe region.The differences in the yield,population-structure,photosynthetic and grouting characteristics of flag leaves under the conditions of super-late-sowing(more than 30 days for a more suitable sowing date)were studied.The results showed that Yangmai 22 had a strong tillering ability resulting more panicles at seeding stage.It also showed consistent higher dry matter accumulation at flowering and maturity stage.Meanwhile,the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate after anthesis were significantly higher.The two-year average yield of Yangmai 22 was 7200.38 kg·hm^-2,with high yield potential and good stability.The mean yield of Yangmai 23 is 7104.62 kg·hm^-2.Yangmai 23 showed coordinated population structures,suitable leaf area index(hereinafter as LAI),and consistent higher dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation amounts throughout the whole growth period,with the observation of earlier grain-filling,higher grain filling rate,rapid completion of grouting,ultimately avoiding high temperature induced maturity.Also,the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of large leaf 0-14 days after anthesis were significantly higher,which is beneficial for grain filling.Although Yangmai 16 thrived in early growth stage,owning high grain filling rate,good yield stability and early maturing,the number of spike was difficult to increase under super-late sowing condition,which limits its yield potential.Considering that under the conditions of super-late sowing of wheat following rice,it is recommended to choose Yangmai 22 and Yangmai 23 in the practical wheat production.

关 键 词：小麦 过晚播 品种 适应性 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]