国内外奶牛乳头消毒剂的研究现状  

Research progress of the worldwide dairy cow teat disinfectants

作　　者：刘静 徐飞[1] 张志博 陈孝杰 李秀波[1] LIU Jing;XU Fei;ZHANG Zhibo;CHEN Xiaojie;LI Xiubo(National Feed Drug Standard Laboratory,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家饲料药物基准实验室/中国农业科学院饲料研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020年第13期44-47,51,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“畜禽病原菌耐药性数据库建设及预警技术研究”(2016YFD0501304);中国农业科学院创新工程项目(FRI-06)。

摘　　要：奶牛乳房炎是奶牛常见的传染病之一,给奶牛养殖业造成了严重的经济损失。临床常用抗生素来治疗乳房炎,但抗生素的过度使用会引起相关病原微生物的耐药性。利用乳头消毒剂切断病原菌的传播途径是预防和控制奶牛乳房炎行之有效的方法。文章主要综述了国内外预防奶牛乳房炎常用的单方乳头消毒剂和复方乳头消毒剂的研究情况,其中单方乳头消毒剂着重介绍了市场占有率最高的碘类消毒剂和绿色环保、低成本的二氧化氯消毒剂;复方消毒剂是奶牛乳头消毒剂的发展方向,重点介绍了氯己定等复合消毒剂与传统乳头消毒剂的应用效果的对比。此外,文章也从乳头消毒剂的工艺方面对其消毒效果进行了比较和评估,包括成膜性、皮肤喷雾型和发泡型乳头消毒剂等。最后对奶牛乳头消毒剂的发展进行了展望。The bovine mastitis is one of the common infectious diseases in dairy cows, which causes serious economic losses to dairy industry. Antibiotics are commonly used in clinical treatment of mastitis, but the overuse of antibiotics will cause the resistance of related pathogenic microorganisms. Using teat disinfectant to cut off the transmission of pathogenic bacteria is an effective method to prevent and control mastitis in dairy cows. This paper mainly reviews the research situation of simplex teat disinfectant and compound teat disinfectant commonly used to prevent bovine mastitis in domestic and overseas. The simplex teat disinfectant focuses on iodine disinfectant with the highest market share and green, environmentally friendly, low cost chlorine dioxide disinfectant. Compound disinfectant is the development direction of bovine teat disinfectant. The application effect of compound disinfectant such as chlorhexidine and traditional teat disinfectant is mainly introduced. In addition, the article also compared and evaluated the disinfection effect of the teat disinfectants from the technological aspects, including film-forming, skin spray and foaming teat disinfectants. Finally, the development of dairy teat disinfectant is prospected.

关 键 词：奶牛乳房炎 乳头消毒剂 二氧化氯 碘 复方消毒剂 

分 类 号：S859.7991[农业科学—临床兽医学] S823.91[农业科学—兽医学]