走出边缘情境——《五号屠场》的存在主义解读  

Out of the Boundary Situation:An Existentialist Reading of Slaughterhouse-Five

作　　者：王秋生[1] Wang Qiusheng

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学

出　　处：《英美文学研究论丛》2020年第1期112-126,共15页English and American Literary Studies

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“存在主义视角下的冯内古特小说研究”(19YJXZ0005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以德国存在主义哲学家卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯的"边缘情境"概念为视角来研究美国作家库尔特·冯内古特的反战小说《五号屠场》。文章通过文本细读的方法来分析主人公毕利·皮尔格里姆的生活轨迹和心路历程,发现其不仅在残酷的战争中,而且在战后的和平生活中,都遭遇到了一定的边缘情境,具体体现在遭受苦难、面对死亡、忍受愧疚折磨等方面,并因此在士气上、自尊上和精神上都受到了不同程度的影响抑或伤害。但是痛定思痛,他最终找到了走出边缘情境的办法,通过接受现实、借助幻想和遵循欢乐至上原则等一系列途径,最终实现了超越界限,重拾自我,成功消解了战争为其带来的精神创伤。This essay analyzes the American author Kurt Vonnegut’s anti-war novel Slaughterhouse-Five from the perspective of the boundary situation,a philosophical concept initiated by the German existentialist Karl Jaspers.Through close reading of the life experience of the protagonist Billy Pilgrim,the author of the article finds that both during the cruel war and in the peaceful postwar period he is confronted with various kinds of boundary situations,including suffering from severe hardship,facing death,and being tortured by survivor guilt,and thus is negatively influenced or injured in terms of morale,sense of dignity and state of mind.However,Billy eventually finds out the ways to step out of the boundary situations,such as accepting the harsh reality,resorting to imagination and looking at the bright side of things,and thus transcends the boundaries,regains self identity and gets over the trauma inflicted by war.

关 键 词：冯内古特 《五号屠场》 存在主义 边缘情境 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]