安土重迁:中国老年人就地养老与心理福利研究  

Unwillingness to Migrate:a Study on“Aging in Place”and Psychological Wellbeing of the Elderly in China

作　　者：杨波[1] YANG Bo(School of Public Administration,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学公共管理学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《老龄科学研究》2019年第12期9-21,47,共14页Scientific Research on Aging

基　　金：2016年教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目“我国长期护理社会保险与商业保险模式的适用性研究——基于微观数据双重差分模型”(16YJC840027);2018年陕西省社会科学基金项目“陕西省失能老人社区‘整合照料’模式研究”(2018G08);陕西省社科界2019年重大理论与现实问题研究项目“社会组织参与农村互助养老研究”(2019C145)。

摘　　要：利用CGSS 2013年和2015年数据,实证考察就地养老对老年人心理福利的影响及其作用机制。结果发现:(1)迁移并没有降低老年人的幸福感,未迁移的老年人和有迁移经历的老年人都是在现住地居住的时间越长幸福感越强;(2)就地养老变量通过社会参与变量增强了老年人的幸福感,但是对于有迁移经历的老年人没有明显的调节作用,说明迁移影响了老年人通过社会参与融入现住地的作用和程度;(3)相比跨省级行政区迁移老年人,同省级行政区迁移老年人的幸福感受到就地养老变量的影响更大,说明迁移距离短的老年人在文化、地域等方面融入现住地的难度更小。研究结果实证支持了中国老年人"安土重迁"的思想观念和就地养老方式提升老年人幸福感的作用机制,并从创设就地养老条件、提升老年人社会参与水平,进而提升老年人幸福感等方面提出了参考建议。Based on data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)2013 and 2015,this paper empirically investigated the impact of aging in place on the psychological wellbeing of the elderly and its working mechanism.Results show that migration does not reduce the wellbeing of older adults,and both the migrated and non-migrated experience a higher level of wellbeing if they live for a long time in their current place of residence.Besides,the variable of"aging in place"can enhance the wellbeing of the elderly through the variable of social participation,but it has no obvious moderating effect on the elderly with migration experience.It shows that migration can affect to what extent the elderly can integrate into their existing places of residence through social participation.In addition,the variable of"aging in place"has a greater impact on the wellbeing of the migrated elderly within the same province than that of the interprovincial migrants,which indicates that it is less difficult for short-distance migrants to integrate into their current place of residence in terms of culture and geographical factors.The results of this study demonstrate Chinese people’s nostalgia and the working mechanism of how"aging in place"can improve the wellbeing of the elderly.Then this paper provided suggestions for creating conditions for"aging in place",improving the level of social participation of the elderly and enhancing the wellbeing of the elderly.

关 键 词：就地养老 迁移 幸福感 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]