维持性血液透析患者运动康复现状及相关因素分析  

Current situation of exercise rehabilitation in patients with maintenance hemodialysis and related factors

作　　者：戴祺洁 陶静[1] 华建武[1] 孙伟[1] DAI Qijie;TAO Jing;HUA Jianwu;SUN Wei(Department of Nephrology,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210029)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学附属医院肾内科,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《实用临床医药杂志》2020年第10期116-119,共4页Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice

基　　金：江苏省中医院中医康复专项课题(Y17kf15)。

摘　　要：目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者运动康复的现状及相关因素。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷对MHD患者进行调查。结果调查结果显示,35.81%的血液透析患者表示对运动康复知识没有了解;在已了解的95例患者中,89.47%的患者知识来源于医护人员的宣教;68.24%的患者表示希望参加运动锻炼;自己日常锻炼的患者比率为78.38%;愿意参加血透中心安排的集体运动锻炼的患者仅占42.57%。血液透析患者自评量表结果显示,95.27%的患者认为运动康复至少存在1项益处,89.87%的患者认为至少存在1种以上康复障碍。血液透析患者认为,运动康复最大的3个益处为提高生活质量、改善末梢循环和改善心情,而运动障碍的前3位因素为乏力、虚弱和缺乏专业人员指导培训。对患者是否希望锻炼的客观影响因素进行统计学分析发现,心脑血管事件、肾性骨病、高血压和贫血等合并症对运动康复意愿有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论MHD患者总体运动状况并不理想,但运动意愿较高,合并症是影响患者参加运动锻炼的相关因素。因此,应加强对患者运动康复健康知识的宣教和普及,以增强患者的主动锻炼需求,促使更多的血液透析患者参与锻炼,提高生活质量。Objective To explore the current situation of exercise rehabilitation in patients with maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)and related factors.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate MHD patients.Results According to the survey results,35.81%of hemodialysis patients said they had no knowledge about exercise rehabilitation.Among 95 cases with knowledge of exercise rehabilitation,89.47%of the patients said they had knowledge of exercise rehabilitation obtained from education of medical staffs.In addition,68.24%of patients said that they would like to participate in sports exercise,78.38%of patients said they insisted on daily exercise,and only 42.57%of patients said they were willing to participate in group exercise arranged by hemodialysis center.According to the results of self-assessment scale for hemodialysis patients,95.27%of patients believed that they conld gain at least one benefit from exercise rehabilitation,and 89.87%of patients said they had at least one kind of rehabilitation disorders.Hemodialysis patients believed that the top three benefits of exercise rehabilitation were improvements in quality of life,peripheral circulation and mood,while the top three factors of exercise disorders were fatigue,weakness and lack of professional guidance and training.The results of statistical analysis in objective influencing factors for willingness of exercise in patients showed that complications such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events,renal osteopathy,hypertension and anemia had significant impact on the willingness to exercise rehabilitation(P<0.05).Conclusion The general exercise status in the MHD patient is not ideal,but the willingness to exercise is high, and complication is a related influencing factor of participation in exercise. Therefore, we should strengthen the propaganda and popularization of health knowledge of exercise rehabilitation for patients so as to enhance the patients′ active willingness to exercise, promote more hemodialysis patients to participate in the exerc

关 键 词：维持性血液透析 运动康复 影响因素 运动获益 运动障碍 心脑血管事件 肾性骨病 

分 类 号：R493[医药卫生—康复医学]