不同水平干乳期对荷斯坦奶牛生长和繁殖性能的影响  

Effects of different dry period on growth and reproductive performance of Holstein cows

作　　者：庞盛林[1] 景利[1] PANG Shenglin;JING Li(Sciences of ShanXi Agricuitural Academy institute of Animal Husbanary&Veteninary,Taiyuan,Shanxi Province 030032,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,山西太原030032

出　　处：《中国饲料》2020年第14期24-27,共4页China Feed

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20150311017-1)。

摘　　要：试验旨在确定不同干乳期对奶牛泌乳量、乳成分、血液代谢物及卵泡状态的影响。将25初产和多胎次荷斯坦奶牛随机分为2组,干乳期为60 d组13头,干乳期20 d组12头。结果:将干燥期长度缩短至DP^20对荷斯坦奶牛产奶量、乳成分和繁殖性能有负面影响。20 d较60 d干乳期显著提高了乳蛋白比例(P<0.05),但60 d较20 d干乳期乳蛋白产量显著提高(P<0.05)。与20 d干乳期相比,60 d干乳期奶牛血清非酯化脂肪酸浓度显著提高16%(P<0.05),但干乳期为60 d奶牛血清β~羟丁酸浓度较干乳期为20 d的奶牛显著提高20%(P<0.05)。干乳期为60 d的处理组第一个优势卵泡直径和14 d时第一个优势卵泡直径显著高于干乳期为20 d的处理组(P<0.05)。不同干乳期处理组对奶牛空怀天数、第一次人工授精天数及妊娠配种次数的影响无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:将干乳期从60 d缩短至20 d对奶牛泌乳量有负面影响,但牛奶非脂固形物、蛋白质和乳糖含量增加,同时显著降低了血清非酯化脂肪酸、β-羟丁酸浓度及第一个优势卵泡和14 d时第一个优势卵泡直径。The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effects of different dry periods on lactation volume,milkcomposition,blood metabolites and follicular status. Twenty ~ five first and multiple ~ parity Holstein cows were randomlyassigned to two groups,with 13 cows in dry period group at 60 days and 12 cows in the dry period at 20 days. Results :theresults of this study indicate that shortening the dry period to dry period at 20 days has a negative effect on milk yield,milkcomposition and reproductive performance of Holstein cows. The ratio of milk protein was significantly increased(P < 0.05)in the dry period of 20 days compared with 60 days,but the milk protein production was significantly increased in the dryperiod of 60 days compared with 20 days(P < 0.05). Compared with the dry period of 20 days,the serum concentration ofnon ~ esterified fatty acids at 60 days of dry period significantly increased by 16%(P < 0.05),but the serum concentration of β~hydroxybutyric acid at 60 days of d dry period significantly increased by 20% compared with that at 20 days of dry period(P< 0.05). The diameter of the first dominant follicle in the treatment group with a dry period of 60 d and 14 d was significantlyhigher than that in the treatment group with a dry period of 20 d(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the effectof different dry milk treatment groups on the number of empty days,the number of days of first artificial insemination and thenumber of mating times of pregnancy(P > 0.05). Conclusion :shortening the dry period from 60 d to 20 d had a negativeeffect on milk production,but milk non ~ fat solids,protein and lactose content increased,and serum non ~ esterified fattyacids,the concentration of β ~ hydroxybutyric acid,and the first dominant follicle diameter at 14 d significantly decreased.

关 键 词：干乳期 奶牛 生长性能 繁殖性能 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]