棕榈油和植物次生化合物对奶牛采食量、消化率及微生物种群的影响  

Effects of palm oil and plant secondary compounds on feed intake,digestibility and microbial population of dairy cows

作　　者：王金合[1] 孙彦婷[1] 牛晖 曹素芳[1] 包文奇 WANG Jinhe;SUN Yanting;NIU Hui;CAO Sufang;BAO Wenqi(School of Animal Medicine,Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Zhengzhou,Henan Province 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南牧业经济学院动物医药学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《中国饲料》2020年第14期58-61,共4页China Feed

基　　金：河南省教育厅高等学校重点科研计划项目(16A230007);河南省重点研发与推广专项项目(202102110247);河南牧业经济学院科技创新团队项目(2018KYTD16)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在确定添加棕榈油和豆荚对奶牛采食量、消化率、微生物蛋白合成和微生物种群的影响。试验选择4头泌乳早期、平均体重为(408±37)kg的奶牛,按照4×4拉丁方设计进行分组。分别饲喂4种日粮,对照组为基础日粮组,T1组为60 g/kg豆荚组,T2组为20 g/kg棕榈油组,T3组为60 g/kg豆荚组+20 g/kg棕榈油组。结果发现:对照组和棕榈油组粗蛋白质表观消化率较豆荚组显著提高10.26%和9.11%(P<0.05),而棕榈油+豆荚组中性洗涤纤维表观消化率较其他组显著提高3.29%、2.17%和2.97%(P<0.05)。奶牛采食4 h后,对照组瘤胃氨氮浓度较豆荚组显著提高35.11%(P<0.05),而对照组和棕榈油组氨氮浓度均值较其他两组分别提高12.64%、11.36%和12.07%、10.80%(P<0.05)。豆荚组尿囊素吸收量分别较其他组显著提高19.22%、11.94%和10.27%(P<0.05),同时微生物蛋白合成量最高(P<0.05)。豆荚+棕榈油组奶牛采食4 h后瘤胃纤维分解菌数量较其他组显著提高6.76%、8.22%和6.76%(P<0.05),而对照组和棕榈油组瘤胃蛋白水解菌数量较豆荚组显著提高21.87%和23.43%(P<0.05)。结论:奶牛日粮添加棕榈油提高了纤维消化率和瘤胃纤维素分解菌的数量,而添加豆荚降低了粗蛋白质消化率、瘤胃氨氮浓度、瘤胃蛋白水解菌和原生动物数量,进而导致微生物蛋白合成量增加。The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the addition of palm oil and pod on feed intake,digestibility,microbial protein synthesis,and microbial populations in dairy cattle.Four early lactation cows with an average weight of 408±37kg were selected and grouped according to the 4×4 Latin square design.Four diets were fed respectively,the control group was the base diet group,T1 group was 60 g/kg pod group,T2 group was 20 g/kg palm oil group,T3 group was 60 g/kg pod group+20 g/kg palm oil group.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of crude protein in the control group and the palm oil group was significantly increased by 10.26%and 9.11%compared with the pod group(P<0.05),while the apparent digestibility of neutral washing fiber in the palm oil+pod group was significantly increased by 3.29%,2.17%and 2.97%compared with the other groups(P<0.05).After feeding for 4 h,the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen of the control group was significantly increased by 35.11%compared with the pod group(P<0.05),while the mean ammonia nitrogen concentration in the control group and the palm oil group was increased by 12.64%,11.36%,12.07%and 10.80%,respectively,compared with the other two groups(P<0.05).The absorption of allantoin in pod group was significantly increased by 19.22%,11.94%and 10.27%,respectively,compared with other groups(P<0.05),and the microbial protein synthesis was the highest(P<0.05).The number of rumen fibrolytic bacteria in the pod+palm oil group was significantly increased by 6.76%,8.22%and 6.76%(P<0.05),while the number of rumen proteolytic bacteria in the control group and palm oil group was significantly increased by 21.87%and 23.43%(P<0.05).Conclusion:the addition of palm oil to dairy cow diets increased the digestibility of fiber and the number of cellulose-decomposing bacteria in the rumen,while the addition of pod decreased the digestibility of crude protein,the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen,and the number of proteolytic bacteria and protozoa in th

关 键 词：棕榈油 植物次生化合物 奶牛 采食量 微生物菌群 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]