福利经济学视角下的环境政策工具应用研究  

Applied Research on Environmental Policy Tools from the Perspective of Welfare Econom⁃ics

作　　者：侯小菲[1] HOU Xiao-fei(Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]天津社会科学院资源环境与生态研究所,天津300191

出　　处：《河北地质大学学报》2020年第3期91-99,共9页Journal of Hebei Geo University

基　　金：天津社会科学院重点课题“‘智能+赋能绿色产业高质量发展研究”(20YZD-10)。

摘　　要：应用于环境政策的工具在现实中很难完全剔除外部性的影响,那么也就不能达到福利经济学中的帕累托最优状态,即只能是次优的环境,因此,如何选择政策工具才能达到最优效果成为需要讨论的议题。在很多情况下,决策者会用多种政策工具处理一个单一的环境问题,但是在讨论政策工具选择的很多经济学文献中,关注的是单一政策工具经济性的比较。在面对一系列复杂情况的时候使用多种政策工具是在次优的世界达到最优的合理选择。论文主要探讨了两大类次优决策:第一种是具有多种市场失灵,而仅仅有其中的一部分可以随时纠正;第二种是存在外生的限制条件,而这些条件是不能去除的。实际上,在这两种情况下使用多种政策工具在经济上是合理的,但是这并不意味着在现实中所有的多种工具的运用都是具有经济上的合理性的。It is difficult to completely eliminate the influence of externalities in the application of policy tools in the environmental field.Then it cannot achieve the Pareto optimal status,that is,the second best environment.Then how to choose the policy tools to a⁃chieve the optimal effect becomes a topic for discussion.In many cases,policy makers use a variety of policy tools to deal with a sin⁃gle environmental issue,but in many economic literatures that discuss the choice of policy tools,the focus is on the economics of sin⁃gle policy tools.Using a variety of policy tools in the face of a complex set of circumstances is the best choice in the second best world.Two major categories of second best decision⁃making are discussed:the first is that there are multiple market failures,and only some of them can be corrected at any time;the second is the existence of exogenous constraints,and these constraints cannot be re⁃moved.In fact,the use of multiple policy tools in both cases is economically justified,but this does not mean that the use of all the various policy tools in reality is economically justified.

关 键 词：外部性 次优理论 政策工具 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学]