河南漯河古城遗址出土宋代青白瓷化学组成及来源研究  

Study on the Chemical Composition and Origin of Qingbai Porcelains in Song Dynasty Excavated From Luohe City Site

作　　者：崔名芳 朱建华[2] CUI Ming-fang;ZHU Jian-hua(Marx’s College of Anhui University of Technology,Maanshan 243000,China;Metallurgical Reduction and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources of Key Laboratory(Ministry of Education),Anhui University of Technology,Maanshan 243000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学马克思主义学院,安徽马鞍山243000 [2]安徽工业大学冶金减排与资源综合利用教育部重点实验室,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2020年第8期2634-2639,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划青年基金项目(16YJC780001);国家自然科学基金面上项目(21571004)资助。

摘　　要：该研究中,对发掘于河南漯河古城遗址宋金土层的瓷器样品进行了综合表征。青白瓷显微结构分析表现为典型的南方石英、绢云母质瓷;能量色散型X荧光光谱(EDXRF)分析表现出"高硅低铝"特性,胎体制作过程中采用了单一瓷石为原料的"一元配方工艺";结合胎釉外观特征及白度值,可判定其属于典型的南方青白瓷。鉴于瓷胎的成分具有一定的地域特征,借助主成分分析方法(PCA)将该批瓷器样品与南方同时代周边青白瓷瓷胎的主量化学元素进行比较,结果显示其与景德镇湖田窑和安徽繁昌窑样品的数据点分布具有很高的重合度,而与其他窑口样品明显偏离,表明这三个窑口的样品在化学组成上有高度的相似性。进一步将这3个窗口的胎釉常量化学元素进行散点图分析比较,发现该批样品与江西湖田窑青白瓷在化学元素组成上具有更高的共性。综合各种分析,推测该批青白瓷样品应产自宋代景德镇湖田窑,为景德镇供奉开封中上层统治者使用的瓷器,后期通过贸易流通到中原地区。结合古代文献资料,推测出其可能的流通路线。该研究对探明我国古代青白瓷的制瓷工艺、瓷器贸易流通状况及挖掘漯河古城遗址的历史文化价值具有重要意义。In this paper, the ancient porcelains excavated from Luohe city site in Song and Jin stratum were characterized comprehensively. The microscopic optical structures of the porcelain body reveal that they are typical south quartz and sericite porcelains. The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence(EDXRF) spectra show that they contain high silicon and low aluminum chemical component. They were produced via unitary formulation process, and china stone might be the single raw material. Combined with the appearance of enamel and the whiteness, we concluded that they were typical Qingbai porcelains produced in the south of ancient China. As the regional feature could be disclosed by the composition of porcelain body, we compared the porcelain body and glaze of these samples with other Qingbai porcelain samples produced in the south kilns nearby at the same time via the PCA method, which provided sufficient supporting information to reveal the Qingbai porcelains’ technique level and trace the origin of these excavated porcelains. The scatter diagrams demonstrated that there were great similarities between the excavated porcelains and those produced in Hutian Kiln of Jingdezhen and Fanchang Kiln of Anhui. Further analyses based on the scatter diagrams of all chemical component implied that these excavated Qingbai porcelains were most possibly fired in Hutian Kiln, which were produced for the upper-middle class in Kaifeng. They were transported to central China by means of the ancient trade circulation. Combined with the ancient documents, the possible routine of ancient trade circulation was estimated. Our studies are of great importance to ascertain the ancient technique level of Qingbai porcelains and the routine of ancient trade circulation, as well as to establish the historical and cultural status of Luohe cite the site.

关 键 词：漯河古城遗址青白瓷 能量色散型X射线荧光光谱 制瓷工艺 古代贸易流通 

分 类 号：K878.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]