寒冷地区冬季牛舍通风参数及应用效果研究  

Study on the Ventilation Parameters and Application Effect of Beef Cattle Barn in Winter of Cold Area

作　　者：于桐 陈昭辉 任方杰 刘继军[1] 张国梁[2] YU Tong;CHEN Zhaohui;REN Fangjie;LIU Jijun;ZHANG Guoliang(College of Animal Science and Technology,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jilin Gongzhuling 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]吉林省农业科学院,吉林公主岭130033

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2020年第6期142-149,共8页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为改善寒冷地区有窗牛舍冬季舍内环境质量,避免自然通风口结冰导致牛舍通风不足,试验选择吉林省某牛场68头育肥牛有窗牛舍,根据试验舍实际情况结合现有国内外推荐的冬季通风量和计算方法计算出不同通风量,将试验分为5个试验阶段,每个试验阶段通风量分别为3060.0、3816.29、4387.56、6636.67 m^3/h,并对舍内环境指标进行比较。结果表明:现有国内外推荐冬季通风量和计算方法所得到的通风量均不能使舍内环境指标满足国家牛舍环境标准;二氧化碳平衡更适合作为低温高湿牛舍通风计算依据,但热量单元hpu(动物在20℃时1000 W总代谢热)的二氧化碳产生量系数取值0.185 m^3/(h·hpu)过小,推荐取0.20、0.22、0.24 m^3/(h·hpu);屋顶机械通风模式虽然没有显著改善舍内CO2和NH3浓度,但是加强了舍内地面的干燥程度,在00:30牛只躺卧比例随通风量的增加而增加,最大增加了90.2%(P<0.05)。In order to improve the environmental quality of beef cattle barn with windows in winter of cold areas,avoid the lack of ventilation caused by frozen inlets.A barn with windows with 68 fatting beef cattle was selected as the experimental barn,in Jilin.Combining the experimental barn parameters and the domestic and foreign recommended winter ventilation parameters and calculation methods to calculate different ventilation.The test was divided into five experimental stages,with ventilation rates of 3060.0,3816.29,4387.56 and 6636.67 m^3/h and the environmental parameters of the barn were compared.The results showed that the ventilation calculated by recommended ventilation parameters and calculation methods could not satisfy the national environmental standard of barn.Carbon dioxide balance is more suitable for ventilation calculation of low temperature and high humidity cattle barn,but the carbon dioxide production coefficient of heat unit hpu(total metabolic heat of animals at 20℃1000 W)is too small,and 0.20,0.22 or 0.24 m^3/(h·hpu)is recommended.Although the roof mechanical ventilation mode did not significantly improve the concentration of CO2 and NH3 in the barn,it strengthened the dryness degree of the inner ground.With the increase of ventilation,cattles’lying ratio increase gradually at 00:30,by up tu 90.2%(P<0.05).

关 键 词：通风量参数 肉牛舍 寒冷地区 冬季 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]