不同水平拳击运动员后手直拳动作技术效果的比较研究  

Biomechanics of Rear Straight Punch in Different Level Boxers

作　　者：刘洋[1,2] 程丽芬 吴瑛 朱志强[3] 王德新[1] LIU Yang;CHENG lifen;WU Ying(School of P.E. and Sport Training, Shanghai Univ. of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;College of P.E., Nanchang Normal Univ., Nanchang 330032, China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438 [2]南昌师范学院体育学院,江西南昌330032 [3]哈尔滨体育学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2020年第7期80-86,共7页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BTY032);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFF0300506);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目基金资助(GJJ181083);上海市人类运动能力开发与保障重点实验室资助项目(11DZ2261100);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目基金资助(GJJ191130)。

摘　　要：目的分析和比较不同水平的拳击运动员后手直拳动作技术效果的各项指标的差异,为一般运动员的科学化训练安排、缩短差距提供可针对性参考意见。方法采用Vicon红外动作捕捉系统、2块kistler测力台和1块测力靶以及同步设备,对优秀组和一般组共16名拳击运动员后手直拳技术动作进行比较分析。选取峰值拳速、接触拳速、拳速衰减率速度指标3个、冲量、峰值力量、相对力量、发力时间、发力率、发力指数力量指标6个、后脚峰值力量、峰值力量时间、快速发力指数指标双脚发力指标3个等指标进行分析。结果优秀组和一般组在接触拳速和速度衰减率指标差异极显著。测力靶数据6个指标差异显著,下肢测力台指标中,后腿峰值力量/体重以及后脚发力指数存在显著性差异。结论后手直拳技术动作效果要实现专项技术的“经济性和实效性”特征,重点在后腿积极启动力量,以增加出拳速度和有效击打的“刚性连接结构”为目的的抗阻专项力量训练设计是教练员提升一般运动员后手直拳技术动作效果的关键。This purpose of paper is to analyze the punch effects between different ranks of boxers and provide reference for the special training.Vicon 3D system,2 Kistler platforms,1 Kistler target and synchronization equipment were adopted to measure 16 subjects divided into excellent groups and ordinary groups.Three kinematic indexes of namely peak fist speed,contact fist speed and attenuation rate were selected for comparative analysis.Six dynamic indexes were selected to analyze the force measurement target such as impulse,peak force,relative force,time of power generation,rate of power generation and power generation index.The data of the lower-limb force measurement platform were selected to analyze the peak force of the rear foot,peak force time and fast power generation index.It was shown that there were significant differences in the speed and speed attenuation rate between excellent groups and ordinary groups.There were significant differences in six indicators of force target data,peak strength/weight of hind foot and power index/weight of hind foot,and there were significant differences in power index of hind foot.In order to achieve the“economic and actual effect”of the special technique,the technical action effect of the backhand straight punch should focus on the active activation of the back legs,the special strength training design for resistance to increase the speed of throwing punches and the“rigid connecting structure”of effective hitting,which was the key for coaches to improve the effect of straight punches.

关 键 词：不同水平 拳击运动员 后手直拳 技术效果 生物力学特征 

分 类 号：G886.1[文化科学—体育训练]