不同时期根施钾肥对沿黄灌区‘骏枣’光合特性及其产量和品质的影响  

Effect of Root Application of Potassium Fertilizer in Different Periods on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Junzao in Irrigation Area along the Yellow River

作　　者：王双成 黄华梨 张露荷 张夏燚 张仲兴 王延秀[1] WANG Shuangcheng;HUANG Huali;ZHANG Luhe;ZHANG Xiayi;ZHANG Zhongxing;WANG Yanxiu(College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;Gansu Academy of Forestry Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省林业科学研究院,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2020年第6期1022-1030,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：2018年中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(2018ZYTG4)。

摘　　要：在沿黄灌区选择8年生‘骏枣’植株,以不施钾肥作为对照,分别在果树开花期、幼果期、果实膨大期、转色期每株沟施300 g硫酸钾,测定各处理果实品质、产量、叶片光合以及荧光参数的变化,以明确沿黄灌区‘骏枣’的最佳施钾时期,为制定枣树合理施肥措施提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,施用钾肥可促进骏枣的光合作用、改善果实品质,且不同生育期效应不同,并以果实膨大期施用钾肥对提高骏枣果实品质、产量、叶片光合效果最为显著。(2)果实膨大期施用钾肥后,‘骏枣’的果实纵径、横径、果形指数、单果重、单株产量比对照分别显著提高了22.64%、39.33%、13.62%、19.52%和19.58%,果实维生素C(Vc)、可溶性糖和果糖的含量、糖酸比分别比对照显著提高了37.98%、22.82%、31.37%和29.95%,叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)比对照分别显著提高了28.91%、38.44%、36.75%和27.25%,叶片初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、电子传递速率(ETR)比对照分别显著提高了28.18%、29.15%和37.75%,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和裂果率在果实膨大期达到最低值,比对照分别显著降低了28.34%和35.50%。研究发现,在‘骏枣’果实膨大期株施300 g钾肥,可显著增加植株叶片叶绿素含量、光合作用效率和光能吸收、电子传递效率,提高树体光合能力,显著降低裂果率,有效改善骏枣果实外在和内在品质,显著提高单株产量。The 8-year-old‘Junzao’plants were selected in the irrigation area along the Yellow River.With no potassium fertilizer as the control,300 g potassium sulfate was applied in the flowering stage,young fruit stage,fruit expansion stage and color transformation stage of fruit trees.The changes of fruit quality,yield,leaf photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters of each treatment were measured,and the best potassium application period of‘Junzao’in the irrigation area along the Yellow River was determined,which provided a theoretical basis for the formulation of reasonable fertilization measures for jujube trees.The results showed that:(1)compared with the control,the application of potassium fertilizer promoted the photosynthesis and improved the fruit quality of‘Junzao’jujube,and the effects were different in different growth stages.And the application of potassium fertilizer in the fruit expansion stage had the most significant effect on improving fruit quality,yield and leaf photosynthesis of Junzao jujube.(2)After applying potassium fertilizer during fruit expansion stage,the vertical diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index,weight per fruit and yield per plant of‘Junzao’significantly increased by 22.64%,39.33%,13.62%,19.52%and 19.58%,respectively compared with the control.The content of Vitamin(Vc),soluble sugar and fructose contents,the ratio of sugar and acid significantly increased by 37.98%,22.82%,31.37%and 29.95%compared with the control,respectively.The leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr)significantly increased by 28.91%,38.44%,36.75%and 27.25%compared with the control,respectively.The leaf initial fluorescence(F0),maximum fluorescence(Fm)and electron transfer rate(ETR)significantly increased by 28.18%,29.15%and 37.75%respectively compared with the control.However,the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)and fruit cracking rate reached the lowest value during the fruit expansion stage,which significantly decreased by 28.34

关 键 词：骏枣 施钾时期 果实品质 单株产量 光合特性 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学] S665.1[农业科学—果树学]