胡杨枝叶功能性状对地下水位梯度的响应与适应  

Response and Adaptation of Twig-leaf Functional Traits of Populus euphratica to Groundwater Gradients

作　　者：魏圆慧 王志鑫 梁文召 马富龙 韩路[1] WEI Yuanhui;WANG Zhixin;LIANG Wenzhao;MA Fulong;HAN Lu(College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2020年第6期1043-1051,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860165,31560182);兵团区域创新计划(2018BB047);大学生创新训练计划(201910757023,2019018)。

摘　　要：以塔里木荒漠河岸林建群种胡杨为研究对象,测定胡杨叶厚度(LTS)、叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶组织密度(LTD)与当年生小枝长(TSL)、小枝茎直径(TSD)、叶面积比率(LAR)、叶茎质量比(LSMR)、小枝茎密度(TSWD)、胡伯尔值(HV)等枝叶功能性状,研究地下水位梯度(GWD)上胡杨枝叶性状的变异特征,采用单因素方差分析、Pearson相关与主成分分析,研究胡杨枝叶功能性状间的协调与权衡关系及性状组合,以期从功能性状的角度揭示胡杨适应干旱荒漠环境的生态策略。结果表明:(1)胡杨枝叶性状种内变异较大,变异系数8.61%~59.31%,其中HV变异系数最大(59.31%),LDMC、LAR变异系数较低(8.61%、9.75%),且二者对GWD变化不敏感,保守性较高。(2)方差分析显示,胡杨枝叶功能性状在GWD 1.5 m与4.8 m间差异显著(P<0.05),而LTS、LTD、TSL、HV在GWD≤2.4 m和GWD≥3.5 m之间均差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)相关与主成分分析表明,LA、SLA、LDMC、LTS、LTD、LAR、TSWD、HV可作为反映胡杨枝叶性状特征的重要指标;28对枝叶性状显著相关(P<0.05),其中HV与TSL、TSD分别呈显著负相关、正相关关系(P<0.05),与展叶效率(LAR、LSMR)、LA、LM均呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05);展叶效率(LAR、LSMR)与LDMC呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),LA、SLA与TSWD均呈负相关关系,表明干旱区荒漠植物在维持水力-机械安全和碳收益之间存在潜在的权衡机制。研究发现,胡杨采取降低LA、SLA、展叶效率(LAR、LSMR),增大LTS、LDMC、TSWD、HV等一系列有利于减少水分散失、储存资源(养分、水分)和增强抗性的生态策略来适应干旱贫瘠的荒漠环境;植物经济谱同样存在于荒漠生态系统中,随全球变暖与区域水资源短缺,总体上向慢速投资收益的保守型一端转移。We studied leaf and twig functional traits,namely,leaf thickness(LTS),leaf area(LA),specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry weight of every leaf(LM),leaf dry matter content(LDMC),leaf tissue density(LTD)and twig length(TSL),twig diameter(TSD),leaf area ratio(LAR),leaf/stem mass ratio(LSMR),Twig stem wood density(TSWD)and Huber value(HV)of Populus euphratica Oliv.in Tarim extremely arid area.We analyzed the variation characteristics of these functional traits along the groundwater depth gradient(GWD),and the trade-off between leaf-twig traits and functional traits combination by One-way ANOVA,Pearson correlation and principal component analysis(PCA),in order to reveal the ecological strategy of P.euphratica to adapt the extremely arid desert environment.The results showed that:(1)the variation coefficient was from 8.61%to 59.31%,the HV was the largest(59.31%),LDMC and LAR were the smallest(8.61%,9.75%)and the most conservative traits.(2)Variance analysis showed that thirteen traits of P.euphratica had significant difference between GWD 1.5 m and 4.8 m,and there were significant difference of LTS,LTD,TSL and HV between GWD≤2.4 m and GWD≥3.5 m.(3)Correlation and principal component analysis(PCA)showed that LA,SLA,LDMC,LTS,LTD,LAR,TSWD and HV could be used as important indicators to reflect the characteristics of P.euphratica twig-leaf traits.There were significant correlation between 28 pairs of leaf-twig traits(P<0.05),especially HV was significantly negative correlation with TSL and positive correlation with TSD(P<0.05),and TSL was negative correlation with TSD,as well.HV was significantly negative correlation with LAR,LSMR,LA,LM(P<0.05).Also,leaf display efficiency(LAR and LSMR)were significantly negative correlation with LDMC(P<0.05),and TSWD was negative correlation with LA and SLA.It indicated that there was a potential trade-off mechanism between machine-water safety and carbon availability of P.euphratica in arid areas.P.euphratica adopted the ecological strategy,such as reducing LA,SLA and leaf display efficie

关 键 词：胡杨 功能性状 权衡 植物经济谱 生态对策 

分 类 号：Q948.112.3[生物学—植物学] S792.119[农业科学—林木遗传育种]