贵州乌江南源上游流域不同岩溶地貌单元的流量衰减分析  

Flow recession analysis of karst underground river basins in different karst geomorphic units in the upper reaches of the south source of the Wujiang river,Guizhou Province

作　　者：龚效宇 曾成[1,2] 何春 陈旺光 GONG Xiaoyu;ZENG Cheng;HE Chun;CHEN Wangguang(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,CAS,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2020年第2期154-163,共10页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目“喀斯特筑坝河流水安全与调控对策”(U1612441)。

摘　　要：选取云南高原向贵州高原过渡地带上的乌江南源——贵州省三岔河上游流域作为研究对象,分别提取其流域内的花渔洞地下河流域与三塘地下河流域的地形指标,分析两者的流量衰减现状,并探讨了岩溶地表形态和岩溶含水介质结构之间的关系。结果显示:(1)花渔洞地下河流域的平均起伏度为73.2 m,可分为高起伏度的Ⅰ区(均值122 m)和低起伏度的Ⅱ区(均值64 m)两个区,其分别占整个流域面积的14.9%和85.1%;三塘地下河流域的平均起伏度为87.6 m,可分为高起伏度的Ⅰ区(均值106 m)、中起伏度的Ⅱ区(均值81 m)和低起伏度的Ⅲ区(均值48 m)三个区,其分别占流域面积的40.2%,49.7%和10.1%;(2)花渔洞地下河流域各阶段的衰减系数为0.0003,0.0001,0.00006(0.5 h)^-1,总蓄水量达2199.356×10^4 m^3,各亚动态蓄水量分别占总蓄水量的0.1%,9.9%、90.0%;三塘地下河流域各阶段的衰减系数为0.001、0.0003、0.0001(0.5 h)^-1,总蓄水量为2310.902×10^4 m^3,各亚动态蓄水量分别占总蓄水量的9.4%、30.8%、59.8%。这表明地面起伏度和衰减动态之间可能存在着关联性,即高起伏度对应岩溶发育强烈的管道流,低起伏度对应导水通道较小的裂隙、溶隙等含水层。The Sanchahe river basin is located in the transition zone from the Yunnan plateau to the Guizhou Plateau,which is the south tributary of the Wujiang river.The total area of the basin is 7,264 km^2,where elevation drops from 2,000 m to 1,100 m.This basin hosts many multi-phase karst and diverse landforms.Within this basin,the Huayudong sub-underground river basin and the Santang sub-underground river basin are located in the karst peak-cluster region of Panxian-Weining and the karst peak forest region of central-southwest Guizhou,respectively,possessing different karst development characteristics.To investigate the relationship between karst surface morphology and structure of karst water-bearing medium,this work uses the topographic indexes(elevation and relief)of the two basins to compare and analyze their geomorphologic development features,and determine structural characteristics of the water bearing medium in the two basins by the flow recession analysis based on interval exponential function.Results show that,(1)The Huayudong underground river basin has an average elevation of 2,306 m and an average relief of 73.2 m.It can be divided into two areas:high relief area I(mean 122m)and low relief area II(mean 64 m),which account for 14.9%and 85.1%of the whole basin area,respectively.The Santang underground river basin has an average elevation of 1,880 m and an average relief of 87.6 m.It can be divided into three areas:high relief area I(mean 106 m),medium relief area II(mean 81 m)and low relief area III(mean 48 m),which account for 40.2%,49.7% and 10.1% of the whole basin area,respectively.(2)The recession coefficients of each stage of the Huayudong underground river basin are 0.000,3,0.000,1,0.000,06(1/0.5 hour),the total water storage capacity is 2,199.356×10^4m^3,and the water storage of different hydrological sub-regime accounts for 0.1%,9.9% and 90.0% of the total water storage,respectively.The recession coefficients of every stage of the Santang underground river basin are 0.001,0.000,3 and 0.000,1(1/0.5

关 键 词：岩溶 地形指标 起伏度 流量衰减 三岔河 

分 类 号：P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学]