英汉名词性结构中度量短语的句法语义对比研究  

A comparative analysis of measure phrases in English and Chinese nominals

作　　者：刘鸿勇[1] LIU Hongyong(Faculty of Arts and Humanities,University of Macao,Taipa,Macao,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学中国语言文学系,澳门氹仔

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2020年第4期508-518,639,共12页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“生成语法的汉语研究与新时代汉语语法理论创新”(18ZDA291)的资助。

摘　　要：本文通过对比分析英汉名词性结构中度量短语的语法特点,验证有关度量短语的单调性假设,提出并论证以下观点:1)英语的准切分结构只有一种形式,即"度量短语+of+N",汉语的有两种:"度量短语+N"及"度量短语+的+N",英汉这些度量短语都只有单调性解读;2)英语的定中结构只有一种形式,即"度量短语+N",汉语的也只有一种,即"度量短语+的+N",英汉这些度量短语都只有非单调性解读;3)英汉度量短语都遵循单调性假设,即句法位置决定度量短语的单调性解读;4)汉语"度量短语+的+N"结构有歧义,歧义来自"的"的多功能性。本文通过对比分析英汉名词性结构中度量短语的语法表现,阐释形式与意义之间的同构关系。By comparing the grammatical behaviors of measure phrases(MPs)in English and Chinese nominals,this paper attempts to validate the Monotonicity Hypothesis.It is argued that 1)there is only one form of pseudo-partitives in English,i.e.,MP+of+N,but two forms in Chinese,i.e.,MP+N and MP+de+N,and that MPs in pseudo-partitives in both languages are monotonic on a partwhole relation;2)there is only one form of MP-contained attributive constructions in English,i.e.,MP+N,and only one form in Chinese as well,i.e.,MP+de+N,and that MPs in attributives in both languages are non-monotonic on a part-whole relation;3)the Monotonicity Hypothesis that the semantics of a measure phrase is determined by its syntax is validated in both Chinese and English;4)the ambiguity of the Chinese "MP+de+N",structure results from the multiple functions of de.The comparative analysis of MPs in English and Chinese nominals reveals the isomorphism between syntax and semantics.

关 键 词：度量短语 单调性 准切分结构 定中结构 名词短语删略 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]