扭曲或退出:城市水务PPP中的政企合作关系转换  

Distortion or Exit? Transformation of Government-Enterprise Cooperative Relations in PPP Water Projects in China

作　　者：何艳玲 李丹 He Yanling;Li Dan(School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China;School of International Affairs and Public Administration,Ocean University of China,Qingdao,266100,,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872 [2]中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2020年第3期62-73,169,共13页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA125);国家自然科学基金青年项目(71904052)。

摘　　要：政企合作关系转换是理解经济转轨和国家转型的核心议题。基于城市水务PPP案例,本文建构基于谈判能力比较的分析框架。政企合作是双方动态寻租的过程,拥有更强谈判能力一方能攫取更多租金。研究发现:双方谈判能力对比形成传统寻租、反向寻租、合作性双向寻租和非合作性双向寻租四类政企合作关系;政府中心任务、替代选择、专用性投资和合作合同类型等约束性条件,通过影响双方谈判能力比较,形成某一类政企合作关系;约束性条件的变化通过改变谈判能力对比,导致政企合作关系转换;政府通过行政运作、做大市场、动员社会等方式增强自身谈判能力,企业则努力向政府中心工作靠拢、诱发政府专用性投资或增强自身的不可替代性。中国式政企合作总体呈现扭曲或退出:前者以增量租金换取合作继续,可能牺牲其他市场主体或社会利益;后者走向破裂。The objective of this paper is to illustrate the transformation mechanism of government-enterprise cooperation.Based on PPP water projects in a city,this paper constructs an analytical framework in view of relative bargaining power.Government-enterprise cooperation is a dynamic rent-seeking process between the two parties,and a party with stronger bargaining power can capture more rent.It is found that the competition of bargaining power of the two sides results into four types of government-enterprise cooperative relations,consisting of traditional rent-seeking,reverse rent-seeking,cooperative two-way rent-seeking,and non-cooperative two-way rent-seeking.The transformation of government-enterprise cooperative relations is ascribed to the changing situation of relative bargaining power of the two parties,while the relative bargaining power of one party is influenced by generally four restrictive variables,which are the prior task of government,the availability of alternatives,the amount of specific investment and the type of contracts.To reinforce self-relative bargaining power,the government would turn to bureaucratic manipulation,encouraging market competition and mobilizing the society,while the enterprise attempts to meet the prior task of government,induce more specific investment by public sectors or strengthen its irreplaceability.Furtherly,it can be generally concluded that government-enterprise cooperation of Chinese style faces two choices:One is distortion in view that the continuation of the cooperation is based on newly formed rents,which may sacrifice the interests of other market entities or the whole society,and the other is break-up,indicating that the government-enterprise cooperation comes to an end.In terms of"the transformation of government-enterprise cooperative relations",this study enriches the research on the process of how it happens by adding the variable of relative bargaining power,acting as the middle mechanism between restrictive variables and results of government-enterprise coope

关 键 词：PPP 谈判能力比较 政企合作关系 转换过程 城市水务 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]