新疆蘑菇湖水库浮游生物种群结构及鲢鳙鱼产力的研究  

Population Structure of Plankton and Silver Carp and Bighead Carp Productivity in Moguhu Reservoir,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

作　　者：朱文静 胡文革[1] 张映东 贾文平[3] 马得草[1] 高岩[1] 尤洋 张秀容 ZHU Wenjing;HU Wenge;ZHANG Yingdong;JIA Wenping;MA Decao;GAO Yan;YOU Yang;ZHANG Xiurong(College of Life Science,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Shihezi Manas River Basin Management Office,Xinjiang,Shihezi 832000,China;Fisheries Research Institute of Tianjin,Tianjin 300221,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆石河子玛纳斯河流域管理处,新疆石河子832000 [3]天津市水产研究所,天津30022

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2020年第3期50-54,共5页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：兵团科技攻关与成果转化计划项目(2015AC010).

摘　　要：2016年4月(丰水期)、7月(平水期)和11月(枯水期)于水体上(距水面0.5m)、中、底(距水底0.5m)层分别采等量水混匀,调查新疆蘑菇湖水库的理化因子状况及浮游生物的种群结构,综合评价水库水质营养状况,并根据浮游生物现存量估算滤食性鲢鳙的鱼产力,以期通过合理放养鲢鳙降低水库过量氮磷含量,达到生态治理的目的。结果显示:采样期间蘑菇湖水库平均pH为8.33、平均水深4.55m、总磷含量0.29mg/L、氨氮含量4.94mg/L,水质为富营养型水库;共鉴定浮游植物90种,浮游动物36种,平均生物量分别为6.72mg/L和3.79mg/L,鱼产力分别为鲢468.18t和鳙720.13t。鲢和鳙的理论合理最大放养量分别为27.41万尾和70.33万尾,鲢∶鳙比例约为1∶2.57。The physical and chemical factors and phytoplankton population structure were monitored in equal amount of water sampled at the upper(0.5 mfromthe water surface)and middle and bottom(0.5 m fromthe water bottom)layers in Mushroom Lake Reservoir in Xinjiang in April(flood season),July(level season)and November(dry season)of 2016,and the water quality and nutritional status in the reservoir were evaluated comprehensively.The fish productivity of filter-feeding(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)and bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)was estimated based on the existing phytoplankton biomass in order to reduce the excess nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the reservoir by rational stocking of silver carp and bighead carp for ecological control of the reservoir.The water quality in Mushroom Lake Reservoir was featured by eutrophic type with average pH of 8.33,total phosphorus content of 0.29 mg/L,and ammonia nitrogen content of 4.94 mg/L.A total of 90 species of phytoplankton and 36 species of zooplankton were identified in Mushroom Lake Reservoir with average biomass of 6.72 mg/L in phytoplankton and 3.79 mg/L in zooplankton.The fish productivity was estimated to be as 472.36 t in silver carp and 720.13 t in bighead carp.The theoretical maximum stocking quantity was estimated to be 274,100 individuals of silver carp and 703,300 individuals of bighead carp,and the ratio of silver carp to bighead carp is about 1∶2.57.

关 键 词：蘑菇湖水库 鱼产力 浮游生物 水质 鲢、鳙 

分 类 号：S932.8[农业科学—渔业资源]