中国领事保护的整体思想与机制建设:以利比亚撤侨行动为例  

China’s Integrative Ideation and Mechanism Restructuring in Consular Protection:A Case of China’s Libyan Evaluation Mission in 2011

作　　者：张丹丹 孙德刚 Zhang Dandan;Sun Degang

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院、中东研究所,上海200083 [2]复旦大学国际问题研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《国际论坛》2020年第3期100-118,159,共20页International Forum

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金重点项目“‘中阿合作论坛’框架下中国对阿拉伯国家整体外交研究”(项目批准号:19AGJ010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：全球化时代下,领事保护工作的有序化与企业和人员"走出去"的无序化之间存在结构性矛盾。中国在中东利益的拓展、中国参与中东事务的主体日益多元化以及中东热点问题久拖不决,使中国的领事保护面临新挑战。中国政府秉承"外交为民"理念,统筹国内国际两个大局,加强顶层设计,整体推进领事保护,倾力打造海外民生工程。撤侨行动是领事工作的重点,体现出中国的"整体思想"——通过自上而下的动员整合政府部门、驻外机构、企业和行业协会的力量,维护海外公民人身与财产安全。2011年中国从利比亚撤侨体现出中国内外统筹、部门协调、上下联动的制度优势,是中国在中东领事保护的经典案例,推动了中国中东外交能力建设。在中东领事保护体系建设中,中国应进一步完善预警机制、应急机制与善后机制,与中东国家签订领事条约,参与中东安全治理,探索领事保护的社会化路径,利用中国中东整体外交的"组合拳",构建"大领事"格局。There is a structural contradiction between the need for orderly consular protection and the lack of order in the way Chinese enterprises and nationals go overseas.Adhering to the principle of"diplomacy for the people,"the Chinese government has promoted consular protection in general and made great efforts to improve overseas Chinese nationals’livelihood by taking into account both domestic and international interests and strengthening top-level design.The evacuation of overseas Chinese nationals has become an important part of consular work.The evacuation of Chinese nationals from Libya in 2011 demonstrates advantages of Chinese institutions which are capable of domestic and international coordination,and inter-and intra-departmental coordination.In 2020,this is of great significance to China’s current anti-epidemic diplomacy and the evacuation of overseas Chinese nationals.In trying to institutionalize consular protection in the Middle East,it is advisable for China to improve various mechanisms involving early-warning,emergency response and after-care measures,participate in the security governance of the Middle East,and encourage the participation of non-government actors in consular protection.China should be able to leverage the full range of its diplomatic tools in the Middle East to build a super structure of China’s consular protection.

关 键 词：外交为民 利比亚撤侨 领事保护 安全治理 中国中东外交 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]