大型氦气压缩机技术特点和发展趋势  

Technical Characteristics and Development Trend of Large Helium Compressor

作　　者：胡忠军[1] 王炳明[1] 杨伟茂 龚领会[1] HU Zhongjun;WANG Bingming;YANGWeimao;GONG Linghui(Key Laboratory of cryogenics,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,CAS,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所低温工程学重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《真空与低温》2020年第4期270-277,共8页Vacuum and Cryogenics

基　　金：国家重大科研装备研制项目(Y5AF021ZD8)。

摘　　要：氦气压缩机是大型低温系统的核心设备之一,压缩机的可靠性和经济性直接决定了低温系统的可靠性和效率。通过回顾大型低温系统氦气压缩机技术的发展历史,总结了喷油式氦气螺杆压缩机的技术特点、关键技术和国产化进程。分析了喷油式氦气螺杆压缩机在低温工程上的技术缺陷及带来的问题。对比分析了氦气压缩机无油化措施的优缺点和适用范围。提出了新型高效离心式氦气压缩机技术,介绍了离心式氦气压缩机技术中的关键点及其解决措施。期望高效可靠的氦气压缩机技术为相关大科学装置的稳定运行提供有力的技术保障。Helium compressor is one of the core equipment of large-scale cryogenic systems. The reliability and economy of compressor directly determine the reliability and efficiency of cryogenic system. This paper reviewed the development history of helium compressor technology in large-scale cryogenic systems,and summarizes the technical characteristics,key technologies and localization process of oil-injected helium screw compressor. The technical defects and problems of oil-injected helium screw compressor in cryogenic engineering were analyzed. The advantages,disadvantages and application scope of the measures of helium compressor without oil are compared and analyzed. A new high-efficiency centrifugal helium compressor technology is proposed,and the key technologies and their solutions in the centrifugal helium compressor technology were introduced. The efficient and reliable helium compressor technology would provide a strong technical guarantee for the stable operation of the relevant scientific apparatus.

关 键 词：螺杆压缩机 大型低温系统 离心式压缩机 

分 类 号：O514.1[理学—低温物理] TB652[理学—物理]