中国2018年伤害监测系统0~5岁儿童伤害病例特征分析  

Analysis of the characteristics of injury among children aged 0-5 years: results from Chinese National Injury Surveillance System in 2018

作　　者：耳玉亮[1] 陆治名 汪媛[1] 叶鹏鹏 段蕾蕾[1] ER Yuliang;LU Zhiming;WANG Yuan;YE Pengpeng;DUAN Leilei(National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心伤害防控与心理健康室,北京100050

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第7期971-975,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项项目(2017FY10100)。

摘　　要：目的了解中国2018年0~5岁人群伤害病例流行特征,为开展儿童伤害预防工作和制定相关政策提供依据。方法通过提取2018年全国伤害监测系统中0~5岁人群伤害病例数据,描述性分析伤害发生与临床特征。结果2018年全国伤害监测系统共采集0~5岁儿童病例74355例,男女童性别比为0.66,98.13%为非故意伤害。伤害发生原因构成前3位为跌倒/坠落(56.76%)、钝器伤(9.80%)、动物伤(7.81%)。1天中17:00—20:59(32.09%)和10:00—11:59(13.95%)2个时间段伤害病例占比最多。发生地点以家中(65.70%)、公共居住场所(13.06%)、公路/街道(10.94%)为主。伤害发生时儿童活动构成比排前3位是休闲活动(64.21%)、生命活动(16.93%)和步行(5.66%)。全部伤害病例中,13.73%造成中重度损伤;头部、上肢、下肢受伤占比分别为49.44%,28.59%和11.70%。结论伤害是造成0~5岁儿童到医疗机构就诊的重要原因,应加强其预防控制。建议进一步完善儿童伤害监测相关信息的采集,为开展循证的儿童伤害干预提供更充分的依据。Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of injury among children aged 0-5 years in 2018,and to provide evidence for prevention and control measures of injury in children.Methods Data of injury in children aged 0-5 years in China in 2018 were collected from National Injury Surveillance System(NISS)for the descriptive epidemiologic analysis.Results A total of 74355 injury cases were reported in children aged 0-5 years in 2018,with the gender ratio of 0.66,in which98.13%were unintentional injuries.The top three causes of injury were falls(56.76%),blunt injuries(9.80%)and animal related injuries(7.81%).Injuries mainly occurred during 17:00—20:59(32.09%)and 10:00—11:59(13.95%).The top three places where injuries might occur were home(65.70%),public residence(13.06%),highway/street(10.94%).Recreational activities(64.21%),basic life activities(16.93%)and walking(5.66%)were the main activities when injuries occurred.Of all injury cases,most were mild,while 13.73%of cases were moderate or severe.Head,upper limb and lower limb were main injuries sites,which accounted for 49.44%,28.59%and 11.70%of all cases respectively.Conclusion Injury is an important cause for children aged 0-5 years to go to the outpatient/emergency department for treatment,indicating that the prevention of injury in such age group should be strengthened.It is recommended to further improve the data collection on child injury in order to provide more evidence for child injury intervention.

关 键 词：创伤和损伤 人群监测 流行病学研究 意外跌倒 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]