中国2015—2018年6~17岁儿童伤害病例流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of injury epidemiological characteristics in children aged 6-17 based on data from the National Injury Surveillance System in China from 2015 to 2018

作　　者：纪翠蓉[1] 段蕾蕾[1] 陆治名 叶鹏鹏 汪媛[1] 耳玉亮[1] JI Cuirong;DUAN Leilei;LU Zhiming;YE Pengpeng;WANG Yuan;ER Yuliang(National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心伤害防控与心理健康室,北京100050

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第7期979-982,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项项目(2017FY101200)。

摘　　要：目的了解中国6~17岁儿童因伤害到门/急诊就诊的分布特征,为制定儿童伤害相关干预措施和策略提供参考和依据。方法利用2015—2018年全国伤害监测系统(NISS)数据,描述性分析6~17岁儿童伤害病例的总体分布、伤害发生和临床特征。结果2015—2018年共报告6~17岁儿童伤害病例331663例,男、女性别比为2.19∶1。1天中,15:00—18:59是伤害发生的高峰时段。所有报告的病例中94.85%为非故意伤害。伤害发生原因前3位依次为跌倒/坠落(51.38%)、钝器伤(12.50%)和道路交通伤害(11.27%),伤害发生地点前3位分别是家中(28.23%)、学校与公共场所(27.70%)和公路/街道(20.35%),伤害发生时的活动主要为休闲活动(46.67%)和体育活动(14.36%)。受伤性质首位的是挫伤/擦伤(49.06%),受伤部位比例最高的是头部(31.18%)。83.32%的病例为轻度损伤,90.05%的病例结局为处理后离院。结论跌倒/坠落、钝器伤和道路交通伤害是6~17岁儿童因伤害就诊的主要原因,应根据不同性别、年龄段儿童伤害的流行特征实施预防控制。Objective To understand the epidemiology characteristics of child injury aged 6-17.Data was from the National Injury Surveillance System(NISS)and the results of the study would provide corresponding intervention strategies and decisionmaking for child injury prevention.Methods Descriptive analysis was applied to depict the general information,injury event and clinical characteristics of child injury aged 6-17 from 2015 to 2018.Results A total of 331663 child injury cases aged 6-17 were reported,with the male and female ratio appeared as 2.19∶1.15:00-18:59 was the peak time of injury cases from 2015 to 2018.The majority of the injuries occurred unintentional(94.85%).The top three causes of injury cases were falling(51.38%),blunt injury(12.50%)and road traffic injury(11.27%).The injuries occurred mainly at home(28.23%),in schools/public places(27.70%)and on the road/street(20.35%).The main activities were leisure activities(46.67%)and sports activities(14.36%).49.06%cases were bruise.31.18%of the injury involved with head,but 83.32%of injuries were minor,while 90.05%left hospital after the treatment.Conclusion Falls,blunt injury and road traffic injury are the key causes of children aged 6-17 to go to the outpatient/emergency department for treatment.Prevention and control should be carried out according to the epidemic characteristics of injuries among children of different genders and ages.

关 键 词：创伤和损伤 流行病学研究 意外跌倒 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G479[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]