海口市学龄前儿童睡眠障碍影响因素分析  

Study on sleep disturbances of preschool children in Haikou City and its influencing factors

作　　者：刘颖[1] 林尧[1] 黄丽红[1] 陈百荣 林慧 周洁 LIU Ying;LIN Yao;HUANG Lihong;CHEN Bairong;LIN Hui;ZHOU Jie(Haikou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Haikou 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省海口市妇幼保健院儿保科,570203

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第7期1029-1031,1035,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：2018年海南省卫生计生行业科研项目(18A200143)。

摘　　要：目的了解海口市学龄前儿童睡眠障碍发生率及其影响因素,为采取有效措施提高儿童睡眠质量提供参考。方法采取分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2018年抽取海口市城区学龄前儿童共计1200名,使用睡眠状况调查问卷对儿童睡眠障碍情况进行调查,并进行影响因素分析。结果儿童睡眠障碍检出率为50.00%,其中男童为50.90%,女童为48.87%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.49,P>0.05)。各年龄段儿童睡眠障碍检出率分别为3岁组48.45%,4岁组50.33%,5岁组50.55%,6岁组49.55%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.24,P=0.97)。儿童每日总睡眠时长为(10.53±1.05)h,夜间持续睡眠时长为(8.69±0.78)h,白天睡眠时长为(1.84±0.67)h,睡眠时间随着年龄的增长总体均呈下降趋势(F值分别为7.52,3.04,7.88,P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,哮喘、经常感冒、家中有地毯、食欲差、看护人变换、养育观念不一致、家长入睡时间晚、母亲有睡眠问题与发生睡眠障碍呈正相关(OR值分别为2.65,1.67,1.40,1.18,1.25,1.42,1.39,1.73),孩子和父母分床睡(OR=0.75)、孩子睡眠规律(OR=0.32)与发生睡眠障碍呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。结论儿童睡眠障碍与体质、家庭养育环境、抚养人健康知识、父母睡眠习惯、儿童睡床方式等多种因素相关。应从多方面入手,做好学龄前儿童的睡眠管理,降低睡眠障碍检出率。Objective To explore current status of sleep disturbances and its influencing factors in preschool children in Haikou city,and to provide a reference for improving chidlren sleeping quality by taking effective measures.Methods Layered random cluster sampling method was used to select 1200 preschool children from kindergartens in Haikou city in 2018.Sleep status questionnaire was used to investigate children’s sleep disorders and analyze the influencing factors.Results The detection rate of sleep disturbances was 50.00%,the rates in each group were 50.90%for boys,48.87%for girls(χ~2=0.49,P>0.05),and 48.45%for 3 years old group,50.33%for 4 years old group,50.55%for 5 years old group,and 49.55%for 6 years old group(χ~2=0.24,P=0.97).The total daily sleep time of children was(10.53±1.05)h,and the duration of continuous sleep at night was(8.69±0.78)h,the length of sleep during the day was(1.84±0.67)h,sleep time decreased with the increase of age(F=7.52,3.04,7.88,P<0.05).The univariateand multivariate Logistic regression showed that,asthma(OR=2.65),frequent cold(OR=1.67),carpet at home(OR=1.40),poor appetite(OR=1.18),changing caregivers(OR=1.25),inconsistent rearing ideas(OR=1.42),parents falling asleep late(OR=1.39)and mothers with sleep problems(OR=1.73)were the risk factors for sleep problems,children and parents sleeping separately(OR=0.75),children’s sleeping rule(OR=0.32)were the protection factors(P<0.05).Conclusion It is necessary to do a good job in the sleep management of preschool children and reduce the detection rate of sleep problems from many aspects,such as family rearing environment,health knowledge of caregivers,parents undefined sleep habits,children undefined sleeping style and so on.

关 键 词：睡眠障碍 精神卫生 回归分析 问卷调查 儿童 学龄前 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] B844.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]