深层—超深层碳酸盐岩储层地震预测技术研究进展与趋势  

Research progress and trend of seismic prediction technology for deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoir

作　　者：潘建国[1] 李劲松[2] 王宏斌[1] 李闯[1] 丰超 周俊峰[1] Pan Jianguo;Li Jinsong;Wang Hongbin;Li Chuang;Feng Chao;Zhou Junfeng(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development-Northwest;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《中国石油勘探》2020年第3期156-166,共11页China Petroleum Exploration

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“下古生界—前寒武系碳酸盐岩油气成藏规律、关键技术及目标评价”(2016ZX05004)。

摘　　要：碳酸盐岩储层是中国陆上油气勘探的重要类型,已在塔里木、四川、鄂尔多斯等盆地发现了一批大中型油气田。但随着勘探不断发展,深层—超深层强非均质性碳酸盐岩储层将成为规模勘探的重要对象,与之相适应的地震预测技术存在理论方法薄弱、预测精度较低等问题。通过“十三五”攻关研究,在理论研究及新技术方面取得重要进展,其中裂缝—多孔隙介质岩石物理模型复杂波场正反演及碳酸盐岩数字岩心岩石物理分析与储层孔隙结构识别等方法创新为开发储层预测新技术奠定了重要基础,地震梯度结构张量小断裂识别、云变换随机模拟缝洞储层定量化预测、基于叠前弹性参数反演和分频属性的气藏检测等新技术则有效提高了断裂、储层及流体识别精度。在此基础上并结合强非均质性碳酸盐岩储层地震预测技术研究现状,提出技术发展建议:按照“深度融合、精细化和智能化”发展趋势,强化基于孔隙形态非均质性、裂缝诱导各向异性、具有频散和衰减的裂缝—孔隙介质的岩石物理建模方法等基础理论研究,重点发展基于双相介质频率、频散与衰减等波动力学特征的储层敏感属性精细化地震预测、基于数字岩心岩石物理分析的储层孔隙结构地震预测、人工智能碳酸盐岩储层定量预测及流体检测等技术。Carbonate reservoir is a major type of onshore oil and gas exploration in China.A number of large and medium-sized oil and gas fields have been discovered in carbonate reservoir in the Tarim,Sichuan,Ordos and other basins.With the continuous exploration,deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs with strong heterogeneity will play an important role in large-scale exploration.But there are some issues in the corresponding seismic prediction technologies,such as weak theoretical methods and low prediction accuracy.Through researches in“13th Five Year Plan”,important progress has been made in theoretical researches and new technologies.Among them,innovative methods,such as forward and inversion modeling of complex wave field of fracture-porous media petrophysical model,petrophysical analysis and reservoir pore structure identification of digital carbonate rock core samples,have laid an important foundation for the development of new technologies of reservoir prediction.New technologies,such as identification of structural tensor small fault from seismic gradient,quantitative prediction of fracture-cavity reservoir by cloud transform stochastic simulation,and gas reservoir detection based on pre-stack elastic parameter inversion and frequency division attribute,have effectively improved the identification accuracy of fault,reservoir and fluid.On this basis,and combined with the research status of seismic prediction technologies for carbonate reservoirs with strong heterogeneity,some suggestions for technical development are put forward.According to the development trend of “deep integration, refinement and intelligence”, the basic theoretical researches are strengthened, such as fracture-porousmedia petrophysical modeling method based on the heterogeneity of pore shape, fracture-induced anisotropy and characteristics of dispersion andattenuation. New technologies should be focused on, such as refined seismic prediction technology for sensitive reservoir attributes based on twophasemedium frequency, wave dynamic

关 键 词：深层 碳酸盐岩 强非均质性 地震预测 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]