突发公共卫生事件中过度限制性措施的国际法规制  

Restrictions on the Excessive Measures Against “PHEIC” Under the International Law

作　　者：韩永红[1] 梁佩豪 HAN Yong-hong;LIANG Pei-hao

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院 [2]广东外语外贸大学

出　　处：《国际经贸探索》2020年第7期85-97,共13页International Economics and Trade Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(19BFX200)。

摘　　要：在新冠病毒疫情防控过程中,多国针对国际旅行和国际贸易采取了过度限制性措施。这些措施超出了世界卫生组织的建议,明显违反了《国际卫生条例(2005)》关于额外卫生措施的规定。涉及货物的过度限制性措施还可能违反WTO下《SPS协定》的科学证据要求和必要性、非歧视性原则,但WTO下的争端解决程序无法就各成员采取的"临时性"过度限制措施作出快速反应。虽然国际人权机制也为规制多国施行的国际旅行限制性措施提供了法律基础,但实际的约束效果仍有待提高。因此,应重在发挥《国际卫生条例(2005)》对过度限制性措施的核心规制作用。可以通过由世界卫生组织牵头建立限制性措施协同机制,建立成员行为与获取相关国际资源之间的联系,建立一套适用于解决过度限制性措施的特殊仲裁规则来提升成员对《国际卫生条例(2005)》的遵守。COVID-19 has developed into a global public health risk.In the process of preventing and controlling COVID-19,many countries have taken over restrictive measures against international travel and international trade.These measures go beyond the recommendations of the World Health Organization(WHO)and clearly violate the requirements of the International Health Regulations(IHR)(2005)that additional health measures must meet science-based principles,minimum trade restrictions and timely notification to the WHO.The restrictions on goods may also violate the scientific evidence requirements and the principles of necessity and non-discrimination of the SPS Agreement in the WTO system,but the dispute settlement procedures under the WTO may not be able to respond quickly to temporarily excessive measures imposed by the countries.Excessive measures involving international travel do not meet the substantive and procedural criteria for human rights derogation under international human rights mechanisms.Consequently,the core regulatory role of the IHR(2005)in over restrictive measures should be in our first consideration.Compliance with the IHR(2005)could be enhanced by the establishment of a collaborative mechanism on restrictive measures led by the WHO,the linkage between the member states’actions and the access to relevant international resources,as well as a set of special arbitration rules applicable to the resolution of excessive measures.

关 键 词：新冠病毒疫情 过度限制性措施 《国际卫生条例(2005)》 《SPS协定》 人权 

分 类 号：D994[政治法律—国际法学]