3Cr2W8V钢热挤压模具的失效形式分析及对策研究  

Failure Analysis and Countermeasure Research on 3Cr2W8V Steel Hot Extrusion Die

作　　者：杨光龙 黄家军 黄玉芳 黄晓琴 YANG Guanglong;HUANG Jiajun;HUANG Yufang;HUANG Xiaoqin(Guizhou Agricultural Vocational College,Qingzhen 551400,China;Guizhou High Strength Screw and Bolt Factory,Guiyang 550009,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州农业职业学院,贵州清镇551400 [2]贵州高强度螺栓厂,贵州贵阳550009

出　　处：《机械制造与自动化》2020年第4期54-56,65,共4页Machine Building & Automation

基　　金：2018年贵州省高等职业教育质量提升工程项目(201812GZ0031)。

摘　　要：针对3Cr2W8V钢热挤压模具的实际使用寿命较低、极易发生早期失效的问题,对原材料的力学性能进行分析,详细阐述了模具早期失效的主要形式和原因。通过工艺试验发现:除了进行合理的模具设计与加工外,采用预先热处理可以改善碳化物的分布和形态,提高模具的抗断裂韧性;采用强韧化热处理可以提高模具的热强性和热疲劳抗力;采用表面强化处理可以提高模具的抗热磨损和抗咬合性能。实践证明,充分发挥工艺设计的潜力,可以在很大程度上弥补3Cr2W8V钢材料本身的不足,从而有效地防止模具的早期失效。In view of the low actual service life of 3Cr2W8V steel hot extrusion die and the possibility of early failure,the dynamic properties of raw materials are analyzed,and the main forms and causes of the early failure of the die are elaborated in detail.Through the process and test,it is found that in addition to reasonable die design and processing,pre-heat treatment can be used to improve the distribution and shape of carbides and the fracture toughness property of the dies;heat treatment with hardening and toughening can be used to improve the thermal strength and thermal fatigue resistance of the dies;surface hardening treatment can be used to improve the thermal wear and bite resistance of the dies.It is proved in the production practice that the advantage of potential fully taken in the process design can greatly make the compensation for the shortcomings of 3Cr2W8V steel material itself,thus effectively preventing the early failure of the dies.

关 键 词：热挤压模具 失效形式 强韧化 变质层 辉光放电 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]