西藏日喀则市棘球蚴病传染源控制措施及效果  

Measures to control sources of echinococcosis in the City of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China and their effectiveness

作　　者：王立英[1,2] 边巴 贡桑曲珍 庞华胜 何伟[5] 王莹 李景中[2,4] WANG Li-ying;BIAN Ba;GONGSANG Quzhen;PANG Hua-sheng;HE Wei;WANG Ying;LI Jing-zhong(The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases,MOST,and Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology,MOH,Shanghai,China 200025;Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control,National Health Commission;Shigatse Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,世界卫生组织热带病合作中心,科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心,卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海200025 [2]国家卫生健康委包虫病防治重点实验室 [3]日喀则市疾病预防控制中心 [4]西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心 [5]四川省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国病原生物学杂志》2020年第6期667-673,共7页Journal of Pathogen Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.81703281)。

摘　　要：目的调查了解西藏日喀则市棘球蚴病传染源控制措施实施情况,评价防治效果。方法调查西藏日喀则市各流行县2017-2019年传染源犬的数量变化、登记管理和驱虫情况以及感染率变化情况并进行比较分析,综合评价防治效果。结果2017-2019年日喀则市设立流浪犬收容中心6所,累计抓捕、收容流浪犬或处理染疫犬189992只次,年收容率分别为32.75%、66.13%和99.99%;家养犬分别为50067、42703和38074只,登记管理率分别为36.55%、74.18%和96.16%;犬年均驱虫次数分别为1、10、10次,目前基本实现"犬犬投药、月月驱虫"。2019年犬棘球绦虫感染率为2.27%(41/1803),较2016年棘球蚴病流行情况调查的犬感染率4.83%(94/1945)显著下降(P<0.05)。2019年标化犬感染率为0.70%,较2016年下降85.5%。结论2017-2019年日喀则市流浪犬数量显著减少,家养犬棘球绦虫感染率大幅下降,传染源犬控制效果良好,棘球蚴病传播风险显著降低,实现了日喀则市棘球蚴病3年综合防治目标。Objective To examine the implementation of measures to control sources of echinococcosis in the City of Shigatse,Tibet Autonomous Region and to evaluate the effectiveness of those measures.Methods Data on the dog population,registration,and deworming were collected in 18 counties/districts in the City of Shigatse from 2017 to 2019.Fecal samples from domestic dogs were collected from randomly selected towns in 18 counties/districts in the City of Shigatse to determine infections in dogs using coproantigen ELISA.Data were analyzed using SPSS to compare the canine rate of infection between 2016 and 2019 using a chi-square test or the exact probability method,and maps were drawn using ArcGIS 10.1.Results From 2017 to 2019,the City of Shigatse set up 6 shelters for stray dogs in which a total of 189,992 stray or infected dogs were caught,sheltered,or disposed of.The annual rate of adoption of stray dogs was 32.75%in 2017,66.31%in 2018,and 99.99%in 2019.The number of domestic dogs decreased from 50,067 in 2017 to 42,703 in 2018 and 38,074 in 2019.Domestic dogs were registered at a rate of 36.55%in 2017,74.18%in 2018,and 96.16%in 2019.Dogs were dewormed an average of 1 time annually in 2017,10 times in 2018,and 10 times in 2019.The goal of"Giving medicine to dogs and deworming them monthly"has basically been achieved.The rate of infection in dogs was 2.27%(41/1803)in 2019,which was significantly lower than 4.83%(94/1945)according to a 2016 survey of the prevalence of echinococcosis in the City of Shigatse(P<0.05).In 2019,the standardized rate of infection in dogs was calculated to be 0.70%,representing a decrease of 85.5%compared to the rate in 2016.Conclusion Results revealed a substantial decrease in the number of stray dogs and the rate of infection in domestic dogs from 2017 to 2019,indicating that dogs were being effectively controlled as the source infection in the City of Shigatse and reflecting a marked decrease in the risk of transmission of echinococcosis.The 3-year goal of prevention and control of echinococc

关 键 词：棘球蚴病 包虫病 传染源 控制措施 防治效果 

分 类 号：R532.32[医药卫生—内科学]