阻尼结构减振性能的测试及分析  

Test and Analysis of Damping Properties of Damping Structures

作　　者：熊志远[1] 王士军 张龙[2] 宋瑞祥[1] XIONG Zhi-yuan;WANG Shi-jun;ZHANG Long;SONG Rui-xiang(Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection,Beijing 100054,China;Beijing Research Center for Radiation Applic-ation,Beijing 100015,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市劳动保护科学研究所,北京100054 [2]北京市射线应用研究中心,北京100015

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2020年第8期64-67,共4页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：北京市科学技术研究院萌芽计划资助项目(GS201824)。

摘　　要：车身壁板的振动和噪声影响车辆NVH性能,在车身壁板粘贴阻尼衬层能够起到减振降噪的作用。利用强迫共振法测试基板(钢板)、自由阻尼结构(钢板+纯橡胶)、约束阻尼结构(钢板+纯橡胶+约束层)以及多层阻尼结构(钢板+纯橡胶+约束层+纯橡胶)四种阻尼结构试样。分析试样频谱图共振曲线得到如下结论:钢板附上衬层后的共振频率均要比原钢板试样的共振频率小;自由阻尼结构、约束阻尼结构、多层阻尼结构相对于基板的减振百分比分别为64.19%、71.77%、73.66%,减振效果依次增强;钢板、自由阻尼结构、约束阻尼结构、多层阻尼结构的阻尼因子分别为0.008、0.019、0.030、0.032,阻尼因子越大,阻尼性能越好,减振性能越强。并且从微观力学角度,对自由阻尼结构、约束阻尼结构、多层阻尼结构的减振机理进行了分析。The vibration and noise of automobile body panels have a disadvantageous effect on the NVH performances of vehicles. However,the damping materials are attached to the automobile body panels,which can realize vibration and noise reduction. The forced resonance method is used in this paper and four damping structural specimens,base plate(steel plate),free damping structure(steel plate + pure rubber),constrained damping structure(steel plate + pure rubber + restraint layer)and multilayer damping structure(steel plate + pure rubber + restraint layer + pure rubber),are tested. The following conclusions are obtained by analyzing the resonance curves of the sample frequency spectrums:the resonance frequencies of steel plates added to damping materials are smaller than the resonance frequency of pure steel plate specimen. Relative to the base plate,percentages of vibration damping of free damping structure,constrained damping structure,and multilayer damping structure are 64.19%,71.77% and 73.66% respectively and their damping effects are enhanced in turn. The loss factors of steel plate,free damping structure,constrained damping structure,and multilayer damping structure are 0.008,0.019,0.030,and 0.032 respectively. The greater the loss factor is,the better the damping performance is,and the stronger the vibration damping performance is. Moreover,from the micromechanical point of view,the damping mechanis of the free damping structure,the constrained damping structure and the multi-layer damping structure are analyzed.

关 键 词：阻尼因子 减振百分比 半功率带宽法 共振频率 阻尼减振 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U469[机械工程—车辆工程]