棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制及其防病促生作用研究  

Biocontrol Mechanisms and Control Effects of Trichoderma Asperellum GYSW-6m1 on Strawberry Anthracnose and Growth-promoting Effects on Strawberry

作　　者：赵玳琳 何海永[1] 吴石平[1] 陈小均[1] 谭清群 杨学辉[1] ZHAO Dailin;HE Haiyong;WU Shiping;CHEN Xiaojun;TAN Qingqun;YANG Xuehui(Institute of Plant Protection,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550009,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院植物保护研究所,贵阳550009

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2020年第4期587-595,共9页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：贵州省农业科学院专项(黔农科院院专项(2016)029号);贵州省农业科学院青年基金(黔农科院青年基金[2018]30号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2313号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y114号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y115号);贵州省科技平台及人才团队计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5704号)。

摘　　要：探究棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防治效果及其促生作用,为筛选用于草莓炭疽病绿色防控的高效生防菌提供资源及应用技术。采用平皿培养法、显微镜观察法和盆栽灌根法测定了棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防效及其对草莓幼苗的促生效果。结果显示,棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽菌LC0220具有较强的竞争、抗生和重寄生作用,菌株GYSW-6m1能迅速占领营养空间,对峙培养3、5和7 d对病菌LC0220抑制率分别为68.06%、71.03%和79.03%,病菌LC0220在含有菌株GYSW-6m1发酵代谢产物平板上培养3、5和7 d抑菌率分别为79.18%、75.81%和76.13%,菌株GYSW-6m1挥发代谢物对病菌LC0220菌丝生长几乎没有抑制作用,菌株GYSW-6m1菌丝可通过接触、缠绕和穿透病菌LC0220的菌丝并引起菌丝消解断裂。菌株GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病具有较好的盆栽防治效果,处理LC0220+GYSW-6m1防效最显著,防效高达87.23%,处理GYSW-6m1(3 d)+LC0220和LC0220 (3 d)+GYSW-6m1防效分别为52.72%和44.76%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓幼苗具有明显的促生效果,株高、根长、植株总鲜重和植株总干重均显著增加,促生率分别为7.96%、10.42%、22.54%和34.21%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1可以作为一种重要的生防资源用于草莓炭疽病的防治,具有一定的实用开发潜力。In order to provide resources and application technologies for screening the highly effective biocontrol fungus for controlling strawberry anthracnose,the biocontrol mechanism,pot control effects of Trichoderma asperellum GYSW-6 m1 against strawberry anthracnose and growth-promoting effects on strawberry seedlings were investigated by plate culture,microscopy observation and root drenching methods.The results showed that GYSW-6 m1 had obvious competitive,antibiotic and hyperparasitism effects on Colletotrichum fragariae LC0220.GYSW-6 m1 could quickly occupy nutritional space,and the inhibition rates of GYSW-6 m1 against LC0220 in confrontation culture on 3 d,5 d and 7 d were 68.06%,71.03% and 79.03%,respectively.The inhibition rates of LC0220 cultured on plates with GYSW-6 m1 fermentation metabolite for 3 d,5 d and 7 d were 79.18%,75.81% and 76.13%,respectively.Volatile metabolite of GYSW-6 m1 had almost no inhibitory effects on the growth of LC0220 mycelium.The GYSW-6 m1 mycelium could lead to mycelium disintegration and fracture by contacting,winding and penetrating hyphae of LC0220.GYSW-6 m1 had obvious pot control effects on strawberry anthracnose.LC0220+GYSW-6 m1 treatment had the highest control effect,with the efficacy up to 87.23%,followed by GYSW-6 m1(3 d)+ LC0220 and LC0220(3 d)+ GYSW-6 m1 treatments,with the efficacies of 52.72% and 44.76%,respectively.GYSW-6 m1 had obvious promotion effect on strawberry growth,plant height,root length,plant total fresh weight and plant total dry weight,with the increase rate of 7.96%,10.42%,22.54% and 34.21%,respectively.The above results indicated that T.asperellum GYSW-6 m1 had the potential to be developed as an important biocontrol agent for the prevention and control of strawberry anthracnose.

关 键 词：棘孢木霉 草莓炭疽菌 防治效果 促生作用 抗生作用 重寄生 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]