红核桃和绿核桃叶片性状及光合日变化比较  

Comparison of leaf traits and diurnal variation of photosynthetic rates between red-and green-leafed walnuts

作　　者：杨莹 王磊 刘永辉[1] 吴文江[2] 孟海军[1] 赵伟 李琳 吴国良[1] YANG Ying;WANG Lei;LIU Yonghui;WU Wenjiang;MENG Haijun;ZHAO Wei;LI Lin;WU Guoliang(College of Horticultural Science,Henan Agricultural University/Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;College of Food Science and Technology,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学园艺学院·河南省果树瓜类生物学重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学食品科技学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第8期1175-1183,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河南省二〇一九年科技发展计划(科技攻关)(192102110041)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究红核桃与绿核桃光合特性的差别,为红核桃资源的开发利用和新品种培育提供参考。【方法】以红核桃和绿核桃(品种为‘中林1号’)为试材,通过切片观察和pH示差法对光合色素进行定性和定量的比较,并采用LI-6400 XT便携式光合测定仪对自然光照下的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率及空气相对湿度等指标进行测定分析。【结果】两种核桃叶片的解剖构造无差异,但切片能够观察到红核桃中红褐色的花青苷的存在,pH示差法显示绿核桃总叶绿素含量以及类胡萝卜素含量高于红核桃,红核桃花青苷含量高于绿核桃;全天净光合速率为绿核桃大于红核桃,绿核桃的净光合速率为明显的双峰曲线,在12:00出现"光合午休"现象,红核桃的净光合速率为不规则型,在14:00出现了"光合午休"现象。绿核桃和红核桃气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率等差异不大。【结论】红核桃和绿核桃相比叶绿素含量较低,花青苷含量高,净光合速率较低。【Objective】In this research,red-and green-leafed walnuts(’Zhonglin 1’)were used as the materials for comparing the photosynthetic parameters between two types of walnuts under field conditions.The purpose of the study was to explore the differences in photosynthetic characteristics between red-and green-leafed walnuts,so as to provide a reference for the development and utilization of redleafed walnut resource.Therefore,in this experiment,the diurnal variation of photosynthetic parameters and the difference in photosynthetic pigment contents were studied.【Methods】4-year-old red-and green-leafed walnut trees were grown at a space of 2 m×3 m in north-south row and cultivated with conventional management.Total chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin contents in leaves during fruit setting period(April 25,2019)and seed enrichment period(June 27,2019)were determined using UV-visible spectrophotometer(L5,Shanghai).Determination of photosynthetic parameters was carried out during the walnut fruit growth period(July 6,2019).Photosynthetic parameters were determined under natural conditions with a portable photosynthetic analyzer(Li-6400 XT,USA).The healthy and consistent leaves from the middle compound leaves on the branches were selected as the samples.The photosynthetic parameters were measured at two hours interval from 6:00 to 18:00,including net photosynthetic rate(Pn,μmol·m^-2·s^-1),transpiration rate(Tr,mmol·m^-2·s^-1),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci,μmol·mol-1),stomatal conductance(Gs,mol·m^-2·s^-1),atmosphere relative humidity(RH,%)and water use efficiency(WUE,mmol·mol-1).All the test data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Origin pro 8.【Results】The photosynthetic activity of red-leafed walnut was lower than that of green-leafed one.The diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate of green-leafed walnut showed an obvious"bimodal curve"and the"photosynthetic noon break"appeared at 12:00.The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of red-leafed walnut was irregular with a

关 键 词：红核桃 绿核桃 光合 花青苷 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]