中山市2005―2018年麻疹流行特征及含麻疹成分疫苗接种分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of measles and vaccination analysis with measles containing vaccine in Zhongshan City from 2005 to 2018

作　　者：王翠玲[1] 吕海英[1] 蔡乾春[1] 陈小红[1] 黄恩妙[1] WANG Cui-ling;LV Hai-ying;CAI Qian-chun;CHEN Xiaohong;HUANG En-miao(Department of Epidemic Prevention,Zhongshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan 528400 China)

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心防疫科,中山528400

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2020年第7期797-800,864,共5页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：中山市科技计划项目(2017B1077)。

摘　　要：目的分析中山市麻疹流行病学特征,评价含麻疹成分疫苗(measles containing vaccine,MCV)保护效果(vaccine effectiveness,VE)。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析中山市2005―2018年麻疹发病资料,采用病例对照研究评价MCV的VE。健康儿童MCV接种资料来源于2017年、2018年中山市疫苗接种率现场调查。结果中山市2005―2018年共报告麻疹6 516例,发病率为0.5/10万(2017年)~63.7/10万(2005年),年均发病率为15.4/10万。4―9月为发病高峰,男、女性别比为1.4∶1,职业以散居儿童为主(59.4%),8月龄~10岁病例中77.4%无MCV免疫史。2017年、2018年中山市儿童MCV接种率分别为97.6%和98.4%,首剂及时接种率分别为65.2%和58.0%。1~10岁儿童接种1剂、2剂MCV的VE分别为93%(95%CI:89%~96%)、96%(95%CI:93%~98%)。结论 2005―2018年中山市麻疹发病下降趋势明显,近年保持低发态势,但未阻断传播。应继续加强麻疹监测,维持高水平MCV接种率和首剂及时接种率,最终达到消除麻疹的目标。Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of measles in Zhongshan City and to estimate the vaccine effectiveness(VE) of measles containing vaccine(MCV). Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the incidence of measles during the period from 2005 to 2018. A case-control study design was used to estimate the VE of MCV. MCV vaccination data were obtained from field survey of vaccination rate in Zhongshan in 2017 and 2018. Results A total of 6 516 measles cases were reported in Zhongshan from 2005 to 2018. The average annual incidence was 15.4/10~5, ranging from 0.5/10~5(2017) to 63.7/10~5(2005). The incidence reached peak from April to September. The male to female ratio was 1.4∶1. The majority of measles cases were scattered children(59.4%). 77.4% of meas-les cases aged from 8 months to 10 years had MCV unvaccinated. In 2017 and 2018, the vaccination rate of MCV in Zhongshan was 97.6% and 98.4% respectively, and the timely vaccination rate of the first-dose of MCV was 65.2% and 58.0% respectively. Among children aged 1-10 years, VE estimates were 93%(95% CI: 89%-96%)and 96%(95% CI: 93%-98%) for one dose and two doses of MCV, respectively. Conclusions The incidence of measles decreased significantly from 2005 to 2018 and kept low in recent years, but the spread of measles virus was not interrupted. We should continue to strengthen measles surveillance, and maintain a high level of vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate of MCV, and finally achieve the goal of measles elimination.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 接种率 疫苗保护效果 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]