2013-2017年深圳市慢性正己烷中毒发病情况分析  

Analysis of the incidence of occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning in Shenzhen from 2013to 2017

作　　者：周伟 朱晓玲 香映平 翁少凡 杨光涛 ZHOU Wei;ZHU Xiao-ling;XIANG Ying-ping;WENG Shao-fan;YANG Guang-tao(Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Shenzhen 518020,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市职业病防治院,广东深圳518020

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2020年第4期293-295,共3页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：深圳市2016年科技计划基础研究项目(JCYJ20160429093303391)。

摘　　要：目的分析深圳市近年来在慢性正己烷中毒发病情况与分布特征的基础上,开展工作场所中正己烷危害现状调查,为慢性正己烷中毒的防控提供依据。方法对2013-2017年深圳市确诊的58例慢性正己烷中毒病例进行回顾性分析,并对病例集中分布的电子设备制造业的正己烷危害现状进行横断面调查。结果2013-2017年深圳市报告的58例慢性正己烷中毒病例发病年龄中位数为28.0(18.0~52.0)岁,正己烷接触时间中位数为7.0(3.0~64.0)月,均分布于中小企业的手工清洗、清洁岗位,其中群发病例46例,均来自电子设备制造业。对深圳市39家电子设备制造企业使用的53份清洗溶剂样品进行挥发性有机组分分析,其中26家企业的32份样品检出含有正己烷;122个正己烷接触岗位中118个岗位的正己烷CTWA(时间加权平均浓度)小于50%PC-TWA(时间加权平均容许浓度),1个岗位的正己烷CTWA超过PCTWA。结论正己烷作为清洗溶剂在深圳市电子设备制造业的使用非常广泛,应严格管控中小电子设备制造业含正己烷有机溶剂的使用,预防群体性慢性正己烷中毒的发生。Objective To investigate the status of n-hexane hazards in workplace based on the analysis of the incidence and distribution characteristics of occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning in Shenzhen from 2013to 2017,in order to provide basis for the prevention and control of occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 58cases with occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning diagnosed in Shenzhen from 2013to 2017,and a cross-sectional survey was conducted on the current status of n-hexane hazards in the electronic equipment manufacturing industry where the cases were concentrated.Results From 2013to 2017,the median age of 58cases of chronic n-hexane poisoning reported in Shenzhen was 28.0(18.0~52.0)years old,and the median exposure time of n-hexane was 7.0(3.0~64.0)months.All cases were distributed in manual cleaning and cleaning positions of small and medium-sized enterprises,of which 46group cases were all from electronic equipment manufacturing industry.Volatile organic components were analyzed for 53samples of cleaning solvents used by 39electronic equipment manufacturers in Shenzhen.Among them,32samples from 26enterprises were detected to contain n-hexane.Among 122n-hexane exposure positions,CTWAof n-hexane in 118positions was less than 50%PC-TWA,and exceeded PC-TWA in one position.Conclusions As cleaning solvent,n-hexane is widely used in the electronic equipment manufacturing industry of Shenzhen.The use of n-hexane organic solvents in small and medium-sized electronic equipment manufacturing industry should be strictly controlled to prevent the occurrence of group chronic n-hexane poisoning.

关 键 词：正己烷 中毒 电子设备制造行业 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]